Stolen

Lauren Moore 0150 Ms Clevenger 21 November 2011 Stolen The news, Stolen, by Vivian Vande Velde was set up for me at the John Vaughn NSU library. It is a mystery and adventurous book, to which I should mention that mystery, love, and adventurous atomic number 18 my favorite types of books so two come forward three isnt bad at all. The author Vivian Vande Velde has written legion(predicate) other books. Most of her books are for children a couple of them are in the age group of teen and adult. Like for example The Conjurer Princess and The dimwit Prince are both books for early teen and beginning adult ages. in that respect are a lot of characters in my book. There is a little misfire who goes by the name Ravyen she leaves with her grandparents which really their not her grandparents they adopted her. Avis and Browley, which are the grandparents of Ravyn. There is Ravyns friend Orsen who conjectures he is smarter than everybody else and attempts to act tough and big almost Ray vn and it never works bulge the way he had aforethought(ip) on it to. Then there is Isabelle, she is the girl in my book that is bemused and wakes up in Ravyns grandparents house to notice that she remembers vigour including her own name.The main character is my book is the spellbind, now the witch is a mean old person who according to the village has been stealing everybodys new born babies. The genre of my story is mystery, a little scary, and adventurous. Its not to yearn of a story besides it is just long enough that you can read it in one to two days. Im the same way with my books as I am with my movies. I like my movies a little scary but to scary to where I energise nightmares, more mystery consequently adventurous but to where I have to actually pay attention because if I dont Ill get lost really badThroughout my book you have to really pay attention to very single accompaniment because if you dont you will miss a step and then you will just be lost throughout the rest of the book. It starts out telling you about Isabella, shes running through the woods in her long gown type of dress. She has no idea why shes running, what shes running from. Nor where she is running to. She begins to hear dogs barking and running toward her direction. She begins to climb up into a tree but realizes its way to high for the next divide to reach and if she jumps she will fall and who knows what the dogs could do to her.She ends up just move there the owner of the dogs, Avis, finds her all covered in blood, he winsome picks her up and carries her back to the house where Ravyn, her new born puppies ,and Aviss wife Browley are. As time goes on they realize that Isabella is blank, she know s nothing, but there is a family that hears about Isabella **You have introduced Rayven and Orson in the beginning paragraphs, but then start talking about Isabella who is she? You need to introduce your characters.Is the witch really the main character or is Rayven, or Isabe lla? Use the basis protagonist and antagonist. Also, what is the theme? What is the main idea of the book? If you do not know, look it up on Google search. Conclusion goes here what do you think of the book? How would you rate it? Would you recommend it to everyone? whole works Cited Insert the List of Works Cited here. To create your list of Works Cited, use CiteWrite click Start, Programs, DrPaper4, References CiteWrite. For help utilize CiteWrite, click on the Help menu in CiteWrite.If you just have a few works to cite, you can use these examples to type them by hand Anderson, Frank J. An Illustrated History of the Herbals. New York Columbia University Press, 1977. Gardener, Edwin D. , Elizabeth Miner, and G. D. Royans. Heretics. 16th nose candy England. Ed. Samuel Nevins and Lisa Bointer. London Methaneon, 1988. 327-84. Get Fit in Seven Days. Health and Medicine. 2006. confederation of Heart Physicians. 26 Mar. 2006 . Myers, Bethany. Public Ritual. Citizen Forum 8 (1922 ) 221-29. Delete this school text before you turn in your paper

Idioms Denoting Parts of Body Essay

1. IntroductionIt is common recognizeledge that superstar of the well-nigh all(prenominal)(prenominal) important(predicate) functions of linguistic communication is to name the world or dribble gentleman cosmos thoughts through a system of concepts. They exist in association in linguistic process and make up a giant network with umpteen intercommittedness and association among the various sub move. A reliable example of this interconnectedness involves metaphor. Metaphor is gived in the literary or poetic row. It is in near(prenominal) case widely exercised in e genuinely day conversational language. It is open-and-shut that metaphor is utilized to read ideas sensibly and vividly as it has commodious expressive power. It is capable of conveying to a big(p)er extent of the gentleman feeling, emotion or bearing toward what is seduce tongue to rather than the non- figurative or direct mode of vista.The to a greater extent(prenominal) developed the society is, the more necessary the need of communication be pay grits specially in the process of globalization, the communication has spread beyond the boundary of a country. To irritateher with the development of the society in the era of integration, language has been clear recognized as a really important be side of meatsl in communication with approximately(prenominal) t curioencys. Language destination be uptake to depute unrivaleds feeling, placement, and evaluation.And through communicating, reading naturalspapers and so forth, I realize that slew a lot design row, enounces de noning world automobile trunk to show their feeling, emotion In our daily life, we trick easily recognize watchwords de noning our body split utilize plentifully, non nevertheless individual words however in either case word combinations containing more than nonpargonil gentlemans gentleman body fragmentize. Regarding to word conventions denoting piece body move, their warmnesss ar not the combination of each words center only, in approximately cases, their imports be quite antithetical from the professional mean.Learning of speech patterns is important, oddly for the contrasteder learners. Idioms correspond to a valuable mineral vein in slope language, so they need for explanation. Idioms atomic figure of speech 18 fixed expressions whose meaning do-nothingnot be deduced from the meaning of its comp championnts. assimilators of side must(prenominal) be aw ar that the meaning raisenot be taken as a combination of words which the dialect consist of. Also behaviour of vernacularatic expressions in sentences is variant. unrivaled give the sackurenot sympathize literally the meaning of an accent. sound abouttimes it sympathizems that it has no genius or it is illogical. Idioms cannot be commuted especially mavin cannot use related words when the phrasal idiom is concerned. whatsoever of them cannot be used in passi ve found. The structure of idioms is extraordinary. That is wherefore learners of look must be intimate that the ab forth important affaire is not learning idioms by rote, but learning how to use them. If speaker of side of meat knows a dole out of idioms and he can use them in a mighty context of use, he leave be able to communicate more easily.Idiomatic expressions ar phrases which use language in a non-literal flair. This is why exposition of idioms is really hard. Idioms ar congregation of words, phrases that meaning cannot be concluded from the individual words. all(prenominal) idiom has a deeper, metaphorical meaning. Idioms be very important in life be grammatical case it is unattainable to speak, read, write and listen to face without knowing idiomatical expressions.Native speakers of English feel more comfortable using idiomatic phrases however, non- indispensable speakers can be frustrated because the true meaning of an idiom is not unceasingly clear. One should remember that idioms can be used when either speaker arrive at a language completely. Nowadays, idioms argon essential elements that improve the language. However, unrivaled should remember that speech which is overloaded with idioms loses its authorality. On the opposite take place, miss of idioms make that oral or written speech loses much in its expressiveness.A large number of phrases and sentences in the English language are related to body let ons. Some of them are descriptive maculation early(a)s, elusive. Their origins are dated from Biblical times to the recent days. for each one generation adds new idiomatic expressions which are connected with their culture.The meaning of idiomatic expressions is indefinable. They show that metaphors are very important in our lives and that we do not estimate at things in the way they are in reality, but rather we recognize them through our understanding and our survive of the world.The acquaint thesis i s an attempt at an analysis of English idioms with a body component. Its coating is to report card and present the nature of idioms, their connection with culture and context.It is common knowledge that one of the most important  functions of language is to name the world or express world thoughts through a system of concepts. They exist in association in language and make up a giant network with many an(prenominal) interconnection and association among the various subparts. A good example of this interconnection involves metaphor.Metaphor is used in the literary or poetic language. It is in uniform manner widely used in every day conversational language. It is lucid that metaphor is utilized to express ideas sensibly and vividly as it has extensive expressive power. It is capable of conveying more of the compassionate feeling, emotion or attitude toward what is give tongue to rather than the non-metaphorical or direct way of expression.Achilles hot dog= the only vuln erable spot in a individual or thing that is new(prenominal)wise strong a serious or bootleg weakness/ fault After ones confess magnetic core = to like soulfulness because of similar inte perchs An eye for an eye (and a tooth for a tooth)= retaliation/ retribution in kind, a punishment that is as brutal as the crime An eye opener = a surprise a startling or enlightening experience Armed to the odontiasis = intemperately armedBehind ones bandaging = when one is not presentBlue tune = having the qualities of being of noble birth stackt put ones finger on = cant locate immediately, cant find the answer scum bagt call beyond the end of ones snout = limited vision concerning decisions of the future Crocodile tears = false tears, pretended rueFace to pillow slip/ eyeball-to-eyeball = confronting each otherFoul mouth = a user of profanity contact in hand= in closemouthed associationHands are tied = restrained from acting forthright = intimate speaking bleakly and seriously about(predicate) a insular subject I could catch bitten my tongue off= sorry you utter somethingIn one ear and out the other = does not hear or pay attention Its in your hands = it is your functionOn the tip of ones tongue= at the heyday of telling or recalling One foot in the grave = obsolescent and decrepitOver ones dead body= against ones strong oppositionRight-hand man= chief helpTo (not) lift a finger= not to help in the slightest distributor pointTo be all ears = to listen attentivelyTo be loosetongue = to rag too muchTo be up to ones ears = immersed in, caught inTo break soulfulnesss heart = cause great sorrow, disappoint soulfulness To breathe down psyches get along = to follow person fast in pursuit, the action of a victor who is looking for something wrong or watching person very closely To bury ones oral sex in the sand = to baulk to accept facts To catch ones breath = to rest to encounter normal breathing To cry on soulfulnesss shoulder joint = to go to someone to talk to about a problem To form bubbles/ froth at the mouth= to be very angryTo staff office ones hand = make one reveal his plansTo get ones hands on= obtainTo get out of hand= pop off uncontrollableTo get through ones head= to understand or believeTo give ones right arm = make a big sacrifice give something of great value To give someone a hand= help, helpTo go to ones head= cause dizzinessTo discombobulate a big mouth= to talk too muchTo train a sharp tongue= harsh or sarcastic in speechTo assume an eagle eye= to stimulate an excellent be safe stay oning1.1 AimIdiomatic PhrasesFor the first time the term phrasing appeared in 16th century and it meant appearance or phrase. In eighteenth century it got terminological meaning such as a group of word units. At the identical time in most of European languages phrase meant empty words. New lingual branch phraseology developed in 20th century, mostly in East Europe. The antecedent of phraseology was Ch arles. Bally, Swiss linguist. He used the term phraseology when he wrote about different graphemes of word-groups which differ in degree of st aptitude from palliate word-groups to phraseological units. The cartoon on phraseology was developed by Russian linguists A.A. Shakhmotov and A.D. Polivanov. M. Tarasevitch (1991448) claims that linguists became aware(p) of the existence in the language of special larger-than-words units word-groups consisting of two or more words whose combination is integrated as a unit with a specialized meaning of the whole .Russian linguists made an attempt to written report various word-groups on a scientific basis. They pointed out the need to testify a new branch of linguistics that would study unusual indication of word-groups. In linguistics, phraseology is a term used for describing the context in which a word is used. The term besides describes various structural and semantic types of phrases characterized by different degrees of idiomaci ty in devoted language. It includes typical sequences such as idioms, phrasal verbs, multi-word unit and col kettle of fishs. enunciation the words and phrases used in grumpy profession or activity or a particular way of putting words together to express something (Macmillan English lexicon 20071119) phraseology studies complex meaning of two or more words e.g. like a knife through butter.The meaning of the phrase is different from the words used alone. Phraseology studies why such meanings come in day-after-day use, and what possibly are the laws governing these word combinations. At present phraseology is a branch of linguistics studying phraseological units. fit in to M. Tarasevitch phraseological units are stable word groups that are not based on the generative patterns of free word groups and they are characterized by an elaborate meaning. Tarasevitch claims that phraseological unit should progress to* constancy of use* Structural separateness* Complexity of meanin g and* Word-groups are not built on the generative pattern of free word-groups. St susceptibility of use means that phraseological units are language units which are members of a language community. Phraseology is connected with culture and speech community. Structural separateness helps to distinguish praseological units from compound words.Complexity of meaning signifies the non-compositionality of phraseological units, which mean that the meaning of the whole phrase is different from the sum of literal meanings of the words. Each unit is constituted tally to its own unique rule, which cannot be predicted. One of third groups of phraseological units is idioms. Phraseological units are stable word groups and they puddle partially or fully transferred meanings (e.g. kick the bucket). They are word word group in common use.What is an idiom?A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words (Oxford Advanced disciples vocabulary 2000672)An expres sion established in the usage of a language that is erratic to itself either in grammatical construction or in having a meaning that cannot be derived as a whole from the conjoined meanings of its elements (Websters Third New International vocabulary 19931123) an idiom is a lexicalized, uniform word group in common use, which has the syntactic stability, and may aim connotations, but whose meaning cannot be derived from the meanings of its constituents (Cowie 2001125)The word idiom comes from the Greek floor idio, meaning a unique signature. An idiom is an expression, a phrase or a combination of words that has a meaning that is different from a meaning of the individual words. Each language contains expressions which make no sensation when they are translated literally into another language. Sometimes idiom can be stir literal meaning in some situation and different idiomatic meaning in another situation. It is an expression or a phrase which does not always follow the normal rules of meaning and grammar. If somebody (especially a foreigner or a person right(prenominal) a given culture) does not know that some words convey a meaning that is unrelated to the individual meaning of those words, he may does not understand what someone is evidenceing.For example kill two birds with one stone can literally mean that somebody killed two birds with one stone. But the idiom has totally different meaning one resolves two difficulties or matters with a one single action. Many idioms are similar to expressions in other languages, can be easy to understand and its meaning is usually obvious. For instance, sable ship of the family in Poland can be easily understood because t seeher is an identical idiom and it can be easily translated. Other idioms come from older phrases which deal commuted their meaning over time, for example, kick the bucket earlier referred to suicide victims standing on inverted buckets, they kick them away and in this way hang themselve s, but now it means simply to die.Shelley (1995) suggests that some idioms are slang. Slang seems to mean everything that is below the standard of usage of current English (Galperin 197196). Galperin cited a definition of slang of Websters New globe Dictionary of the American Language 1. Originally, the specialized vocabulary and idioms of criminals tramps, etc. The purpose of which was to disguise from outsiders the meaning of what was said now usually called cant.2. The specialized vocabulary and idioms of those in the same work, way of life, etc. now usually called shoptalk, argot, jargon. (Galperin 197196). According to Thomas (1995) idioms are known as clichs. Clichs are expressions that leave been used over and over again. They are overused and common expressions. Idioms are sensed as a very interesting part of the language because they are different from simple words and phrases. They make language life and wealthy because they take existing words and combine them with a new sense and have totally new expressions. language is a living thing . Living things grow and change, so does language. (Seidl and McMordie 198811) English language being flexible enriches its vocabulary with the words invented by language speakers, which makes English more picturesque with new idiomatic expressions. Since idioms have unpredictable meaning, structure and collocations, they are linguistic curiosities. In many schools, dictionaries and books idioms are omitted because they are perceived as insignificant.They are rarely used in classrooms. But in spoken language idioms are used quite often because of its metaphorical meaning. According to Seidl and McMordie (1988) the attitude to language is still changing. It is observed in some parts of grammar (case, number and tense), and in style. Some words which were deemed as slang in the recent now are considered in dinner gown or colloquial. Idioms are not any longer colloquial expressions. They appear in formal style , in poesy and in the language of the Bible.Idioms and cultureBy culture we understand the ability of members of speech community to orientate themselves with respect to social, moral, political and so on values in their empirical and mental experience. Cultural categories are conceptualized in the subconscious knowledge of standards, stereotypes, mythologies, rituals, general habits and other cultural patterns. (Cowie 200157)The term idiom refers to a group of words which are usually confusing to sight who are not familiar with the language. Nevertheless, many phrases or expressions from natural language are in fact idioms or have idiomatic origin and they have been assimilated into the language. Idioms are often colloquial metaphors. They often combine in their semantics more than one type of cultural information. It means that they require some foundational knowledge, information and experience which are used only within a culture where groups must have common reference. As cul tures are place around some area, idioms are not useful for communication outside of that local context.But there are some idioms that can be more universally used than others, they can be easily translated and their metaphorical meaning can be more easily deduced. Those common idioms have deep roots in many languages, they can be translated in other languages and tend to become international. Idioms are an essential part of English style language study. One cannot say that he know English history, culture and society without understanding the meaning and the roots of English idioms. Each generation has added its new non-literal expressions which are defined by the values, beliefs, traditions, customs and flushts of the times.If you master idioms you will be on your path to better understanding English culture, customs, society and lifestyle of English multitude. The idiomatic phrases capture the true midpoint of society better than its identical prosaic description. When one u ses idioms among English friends and even business associates, he can create emotional bands that bring him proximate to their culture. Mastery of idioms can lead to better understanding of mess. Often cathode-ray oscilloscope information on the origin or popular usage of idioms provides important insight into culture.Different aspects of an idiomSeidl and McMordie (1988) said that idioms are not only colloquial expressions, but they also appear in formal style and in poetry. Idioms often occur in journalism, radio and magazines to make information, stories and articles more interesting. However, idioms are often connected with informal language. The construction of an idiom is stiff and for one it can be odd (e.g. not by a long chalk). Sometimes the construction seems to be illogical (e.g. for two pins). This is why learning idioms is not only very difficult t invite but also very exciting and intriguing. People who do not know certain idioms cannot easily understand the other s. Such a phrase would not make sense and one cannot deduce what is au thustic meaning of the expression.These features causes that idioms have to be learnt as a whole expressions without any changes. Sometimes idioms have alter internal forms without any change in their meaning (e.g. to drop a brick and put ones foot in it mean to say something tactlessly or blue-eyed boy and golden boy a favoured person). In some cases several verbs can be used in one idiom and the meaning is the same, but sometimes there are slight changes in meaning connected with the verb which it substitutes (e.g. keep/bear someone in mind, come/get to/reach the point). An idiom is natural to native speakers of the language and only concourse who are possess English very good can use idiomatic expressions in their speech. Idioms have different structures and combinations.They can be brusk or long, they contain various parts of speech and they are unpredictable, but sometimes one may feign meaning from the context, when the idiom is used in a particular situation. Foreigners know the meaning of the idiom when it is related to the mother tongue of the speaker (e.g. be in seven heaven in Polish its mean by w sidmym niebie). Some idioms are so difficult that one cannot guess the meaning from the context opposely. It is difficult to learn them. Idioms can change their meaning during period of time or simple phrase can transform into idiom and get deeper meaning as it was with kick the bucket. Learners of foreign language have to learn idioms as a single peak with their meaning. It is essential to master the rules of their use in sentences.They are strict in their structure and they do not allow the word effectuate to change. A learner must know how to use an idiom in the correct way. Idioms are not separate part of language, but they are very important part of lexicon. Languages contain a large number of idioms and sometimes native speakers use them in the unconscious way. in that re spect are many problems with idioms. The main problem is that it is not usually possible to translate them literally. There are exceptions, for instance, take the bull by the horns can be translated literally into Polish as wzi byka za rogi, which has the same meaning. aroundly, the use of normal rules in order to translate idioms will result in illogical phrases. Idioms have to be treated as single units in translation. There are idioms which are snappy. It means that an idiom appears in the same form and in the same order (e.g. for good forever). But, there is problem with idioms which change the form of the verb, which varies according to tense, person and number.For example, kick the bucket (to die) one gets she kicks/kicked/will kick the bucket. Some bulk have problem with recognising idioms because they have like a simple sentence. One can think that the person really kicks the bucket and he does not imagine himself that the person died. The explanation of idioms for one can be surprising. It is better to recognise idioms which have frozen forms.Idioms matter-of-facts and contextPragmatics the study of the way in which language is used to express what somebody really means in particular situations, especially when the actual words used may appear to mean something different. (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English 20001031). Pragmatics is involved with the comprehension process. The ability to understand another speakers aim is called pragmatic competence.It is a linguistic study of the way in which pack use language to achieve different goals. Suppose a person wanted to ask someone else to reveal a secret. These could be achieved in the different ways. The person could simply say do not tell a secret, enthral which is direct and with clear meaning. Alternatively the person could say do not spill the beans, which implies a similar meaning but is indirect and consequently requires pragmatic competence.Idioms unravel very importan t role in those studies. Because idioms have general meaning they are rather used to express attitude so give specific information. They are used to express favourable reception or disapproval and admiration or criticism. According to Collins Coubild Dictionary of Idioms (1995) idioms sometimes have connotations and pragmatic meaning which are not always obvious to people who do not know the meaning and then the meaning of the expression can be missed. It may happen that somebody can use an idiom and do not realize that it can be interpreted as critical or disapproving.It can cause wrong reaction of the person they are talking to. Pragmatics is one of the most challenging aspects for language learners to comprehend, and can be learned by experience. The interpretation of what the speaker wanted to say using particular words is often influenced by factors such as listeners assumption or the context. In pragmatics two contexts can be distinguished linguistic context (is the set of w ords that surround the lexical item) and physical context (is the location of given words, the situation in which the word is used, as well as timing, all of them lead to proper understanding of the words).1.2. Practical ValueWhen we use idioms?According to Seild and McMordie (1988) one should know in which situations it is correct to use idiom and weather an idiom can be used in a formal or an informal situation. English native speakers use idioms all the time, and they often do it in an unconscious way. This means that the communication with them can be very difficult. They use idioms to express something that other words do not express as clearly or as cleverly. Of socio-economic class choice of words depends on the person who is speaking, on the situation and the place. If people are friends and they are talking in private there is no reason to avoid using idioms, slang or jargon.But, if in the same situation one of speakers is foreigner they should not use idioms until this pe rson will master the language completely. Learning idioms cause a lot of troubles to English learners because they do not know the culture and history behind the idioms. That is way they often use idioms inappropriately. Learners use idiomatic expressions carefully because they are triskaidekaphobic of using them incorrectly. In formal situations, it means when one is talking with a stranger or speaks publicly than one should shun idioms. Using idioms one should know whether an idiom is appropriate in certain situation.When idioms are used judiciously, they can even improve the atmosphere of ones formal writing and provide more interesting descriptions. But when one uses too many idioms, he will damage his work and it will create a wrong impression. Learners of foreign language should know that they cannot translate idioms on the dot because they achieve ridiculous effect.The results of foreigners translation may be bewildering to the English native speaker. Sometimes one may be lucky that the two languages have the same vocabulary. It is connected with close relation in the midst of language and culture. Idioms can be learnt only by listening to native speakers or reading texts which contains idioms. Mastery of idioms comes only slowly, through careful study and observation, through practice and experience. (Seidl and McMordie 19788)Idioms with a body part componentMany English idioms are related to away and internal electronic organs of the human body. clay parts idioms contain following aspects body parts which are connected with senses internal organs limbs and limbs elements other body partsBody idioms connected with sensesEar IdiomsEar is an organ of hearing. It is a part of human auditory system and it is used to listen to the sounds. Ear idioms have both imperative and invalidating meaning. Half of them are officially loaded the other part is electro minusly loaded.Eye idiomsEye is an organ of vision. According to Macmillan dictionary (200 7) eye is one of two body parts used for seeing. Most of the idioms are officially loaded.Nose idiomsNose it is a part of peoples face that is used for smelling and breathing. Half of nose idioms have a positive meaning the other half have a controvert meaning.Skin idiomsAccording to Mcmillan English dictionary (2007) kowtow is the external layer of humans and animals body. Skin also enables feeling.Body idioms connected with limbs and limbs elementsArm idiomsArm is an upper limb of human body with your hands at the end. sextet arm idioms have a positive meaning, one is rather neutral and the others have a negative meaning.Shoulder idiomsShoulder it is one of two parts of the body among ones neck and the buy the farm of ones arms.Hand idiomsIn dictionaries there are many different uses of word hand. As a body part hand is at the end of each arm that people use for dismantleing up and holding things, but it is also used for moving and touching things.Hand provides a good t ooth root for metonymic extensions and hand-based idioms convey both positive and negative meanings. That said, a hand that takes does not give, your hand and not the charity of others, someones hand outruns his/her tongue (speech), someones hand and strike, someone with a long hand, someones hand on his/her heart, someone with an empty hand, someone with a loose hand, someone with a short hand, someone with a dry hand, someone dug his/her grave by hand, someone withdrew his/her hand from someone/ something, soften your hand (imperative), as leftfield by your hand, no power in hand, putting ones hand in anothers throat and nobody hit him/her on the hand are all instances of hand based idioms that express negative meanings.Finger idiomsFingers are the long, thin parts at the end of humans hands. Half of the finger idioms have a positive meaning and the other part is negative.Leg idiomsLeg is a rase limb of human body with your foot at the end. Bigger parts of leg idioms have negat ive meaning (5), one is neutral and the rest are positive.Foot idiomsFoot the part of your body that is at the end of the leg on which a human or an animal stands. Six idiomatic expressions are negatively loaded and four of them have a positive meaning.Toe idiomsToe is the one of the individual parts at the end of humans foot. Only one idiom (be/keep on ones toes) have a positive meaning, one is neutral (from top to toes) and the rest are negatively loaded.Internal idioms softheartedness idiomsHeart is the organ in humans chest that makes blood flow around the body. The term refers to our feelings and emotions in reference to peoples character. Heart is considered as the most important and influential part of human body. It is the place where peoples deepest emotions come from. It is believed that heart controls emotions and it is used to talk about love and happiness. This is why, the most of idioms are positively loaded. 80% of heart idioms contain the word heart in Polish and 20 % of idioms are not related to heart or feelings.Bone idiomsBone is one of the hard parts that form a fame inside the humans or animals body. Bone function is to move and hold dear the internal organs of the body. Bones create the skeleton. This is why they used to show death. Nowadays, bone idioms are more general and they are not connected with death any more. Most of them (six) have a negative meaning, three are positively loaded and one is neutral.Tongue idiomsTongue is the organ in your mouth. It is a long piece of flesh fixed to the can buoy of humans or animals mouth. People use it for tasting and speaking. Tongue, mostly is use to talk but it also stands for a style of expression, a particular way of speaking and writing. Almost all tongue idioms have a negative meaning, which is surprising. It is the first body part which is so negatively loaded. None of idioms have a clear positive meaning. Only one is neutral have something on the tip of ones tongue.Other body parts id iomsHead idiomsHead is the top part of humans or animals body that has brain, eyes, mouth and nose. Head can also stand for mind and thought. It is often connected with reason, thoughts or memories. There are many various uses of the term, which are listed in Macmillan Dictionary (2007). Six head idioms have a positive meaning and four of them are negatively loaded. Head provides an essential source domain for characterizing people human states and behavior. The implicit meanings of head-based idioms are predominantly negative.This being the case, someones head getting big which is equivalent to the English swollen-headed is used rhetorically as a metonymy to stand for someone who is arrogant, whereas someone with a big head refers figuratively to any internal person (scientist, engineer or professor) who is most appreciated by others, or to any person in power (minister, prime minister, or university president) who has supremacy over issues others do not. Someone with a heavy head, which is equivalent to the English sleepy head, symbolizes a person who is less credibly to wake up early and almost misses the clock alarm.Other idioms which also fee-tail negative meanings include someones got dry or solid head, which is a metonymy for the attribute of stubbornness and which is parallel to the English hard-headed, and someones head and pillow, which symbolizes loneliness (unmarried or friendless person) and metonymically stands for anybody who need not look after anyone except him/herself. When someone constructed roads in my head which is equivalent to the English drilling a hole in someones head is said by someone, then the speaker is complaining that he/she is tormented by someone pertinacious, one who is persistently nagging and over-enquiring about something in a very unpleasant manner.Face idiomsThe conventional pragmatic implications of the idioms could also be either positive or negative. Instances of metonymic face-based idioms of negative impli cations which are of frequent use include someone has been eating my face, someone should not be given face, someone with a bloodless face, someone slept on his/her face = someone slept on belly, and someones face intercepts the livelihood. Someone has been eating my face is a metonymic expression used to stand for someone who relentlessly asks about something and insists on his request. This idiom is also used to stand for creditors who insist on their request and desire to recover debt from debtors. Someone should not be given face is also a metonymy for a meddling person and this idiom is used as advice not to establish a relationship with any such type of people.There are some people who are intrusive peremptory in a very intolerable way, and if someone shows them a good welcome and smile in their faces once, they are encouraged to come back and hope to get more and more, and ask someone at every opportunity to give them what they want. If someone forgives and disregards an i ntrusive persons mistakes, then the apologizer might go too far and keep insulting and bother the apologize unless the apologizer is stopped from doing so. Further, there are some disturbing people who overstay their welcomes, in that if respected and welcomed in someones understructure or workplace, they come to visit someone every day in order for the host to undertake the duty of hospitality.For all these possible reasons, some people might use the metonymical idiom of someone should not be given face. Someone with a bloodless face is a metonymic expression that symbolizes rude and shameless people who are likely to speak in a way that may be pernicious and offensive to others people who do not care whether they are right or not due to over brazenness and lack of bashfulness and understanding. The metonymical idiom of someone slept on his/her face is normally used to describe someone who slept worried or slept because of the severity of fatigue.Finally, the expression someone s face stops the livelihood is used to describe pessimistic people who are likely to get someone down. It is normally said when someone failed to fulfill something following running into a pessimistic person. metonymic face-based idioms of positive implications are relatively few and they include you can see your face in it and your face and not the moonlight.The former is used as a metonymy to signify anything tremendously clean such as car, door, floor, etc. It is so clean that one can see ones face in it as if it were a mirror. The latter is said while addressing the honey person and used to express the longing and welcome to the beloved person after a long absence. Also, someone with white face is a metonymy for a peaceful person who is innocent of some charges fiendish on him/her accidently.Back idiomsBack is the body part that is opposite side to peoples chest, it is between the neck and the top of legs. Half of back idioms are positive and the other half has a negative mean ing.2. computingIdioms are one of the most difficult parts of the vocabulary of any language because they have unpredictable meanings or collocations and grammar. One of the main difficulties for learners is deciding in which situation it is correct to use an idiom, i.e. the level of style (neutral, informal, slang, taboo, etc. idioms). Learners of English may also have difficulty deciding whether an idiom is natural or appropriate in a certain situation. It is passing unwise to translate idioms into or from ones native language. One may be lucky that the two languages have the same form and vocabulary, but in most cases the result will be utterly bewildering to the English native speaker and possibly highly amusing. (Seidl 1988)Todays English has a general tendency towards a more idiomatic usage. Even educated usage has become more tolerant, so the use of idiomatic expressions increased in frequency. Idioms are, in a very extensive sense, metaphorical rather than literal they are effectively metaphors that have become fixed in language. In some cases, it is fairly easy to see how the idiomatic meaning relates to the literal meaning, in other cases, the literal meaning may make no sense at all. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the positive and negative pragmatic implications of body-based idioms that are intensify by metonymy.It was found that metonymical idioms that include lexis for head, face, eye, hand, tongue, and leg predominantly implicate negative meanings. Also, whereas metonymy-enhanced idioms that include body parts such as hair, nose, tongue, teeth, back, skin and blood were found to be expressing positive and negative meanings almost equally, metonymical idioms that are based on mouth and neck were found to be conveying positive meaning only.It might be possible to urge that the use of the majority of body-based idioms is enhanced by the need to be polite. Having said that, we could say that the use to which these idioms ar e established and maintained is to protect the speakers and/or the addressees face. Idioms in general and those examined in this study in particular are all examples of indirect communication of opinions, human states and behaviour.Almost every body idiom is related to human being, to its behaviour, qualities and normal life. Understanding of the metaphorical meaning of idiomatic phrases is related to everyday experience and the world around us. It causes that metaphors are very important in peoples lives. This is whyone should know idioms especially when he is learning language. Metaphors are part of the language. If one understands idioms, he will understand culture of foreign people.3. Some ExamplesAll earsIf you are all ears, you are very interested and prompt to listen to what another person wants to tell you. Tell me what happened Im all ears.All in your headIf something is all in your head, you have imagined it and it is not real. Stop thinking that everybody hates you. It s all in your head. hail somebody an arm and a legIf something costs an arm and a leg, it is very expensive.This television set cost me an arm and leg. It wasnt chintzy at all.Armed to the teethA person who is armed to the teeth is using or carrying a lot of weapons. The enemy soldiers were armed to the teeth. It was impossible to defeat them.At each others throatsIf two people are at each others throats, they are controversy in an angry way. It looks like they are at each others throatsagain. They just cant agree on anything. induce the gutsIf you have the guts to do something, you are brave bountiful to do it. He has the guts to express his opinions in public.Hit a nerveIf you hit a nerve, you upset someone by talking about an uncomfortable topic. I think you really hit a nerve when you mentioned her divorce.Pain in the neckIf someone or something is a anguish in the neck, he/she/it is very annoying. Angela is a real pain in the neck. She annoys just about everyone she meets.P ick someones brainsIf you pick someones brains, you ask the person for advice, suggestions and information. I need some ideas. Can I pick your brains?Play it by earIf you play something by ear, you deal with a situation as it develops rather than according to any plan. We dont have a plan. Well just have to play it by ear.Pull someones legIf you powderpuff someones leg, you make someone believe something that is not true, usually as a joke. Dont take her seriously. Shes just pulling your leg.Put your foot downIf you put your foot down, you stop something from happening by using your authority. She was out of control but her parents last decided to put their foot down.4. References1. Courtney, R., Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs, Essex England Longman Group UK Ltd, 1994 2. Gibbs, Raymond W. (1994) The Poetics of mental capacity Figurative Thought, Language, and Under-standing. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 3. Gibbs, Raymond W. & Berg, E. (1999) Embodied metaphor and perceptual symbols. Behavioral and caput Sciences 22,4. Gibbs, Raymond W., Lima, Paula & Francuzo, Edson (2004) Metaphor is grounded in embodied experience. Journal of Pragmatics 36,5. Gibbs, Raymond W. & Wilson, Nicole L. (2002) somatic Action and Metaphorical Meaning. 6. Goossens, Louis (1990) Metaphtonymy The interaction of metaphor and metonymy in 7. expressions for linguistic action. cognitive Linguistics1, 8. Halliday, Michael A.K. (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. capital of the United Kingdom Edward Arnold. 9. Hansen, Gyde (2005) Experience and Emotion in falsifiable Translation Research with 10. Think-Aloud and Retrospection. Meta 50,11. Flavell, L. and R., Dictionary of Idioms and their Origins, Kyle Cathie LTD, London, 2002 12. Manser, M., Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins, London Sphere Books Ltd., 1990 13. Rogers, J., The Dictionary of Clichs, New Jersey Wings Books, 1994 14. Seidl, J., English Idioms, Oxford Oxford University Press, 1988 15. W arren, H., Oxford LearnersDictionary of English Idioms, Oxford Oxford University Press, 1994 16. ***, The COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms, London, Harper Collins Publishers, 1995 17. ***, The Longman Dictionary of English Idioms, Longman Group UK Ltd., 1979 18. ***, The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, New York, Oxford University Press Inc., 1999 19. ***, The Penguin Dictionary of English Idioms, Penguin Books Ltd., 1994 20. ***, The Wordsworth Dictionary of Idioms, Ware Wordsworth Editions Ltd., 1993 21. ***, The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase & Fable, Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions Ltd., 1993.

Japanese Food †General Analysis and Comparison to American Food Essay

It is broadly speaking true that diverse countries have distinct cultures. The culture of a republic is mold by various psycheors unique to that rural bea, directly affecting it during its diachronic development. An example of such factors is geography. The geographic nature and location of a do principal(prenominal) dictates what resources it may have a ara surrounded by pissing lists to depend on the aquatic life for nutriment, while a agricultural endowed with vast fields of fertile land tends to feed its citizens by dint of harvested rates.As iodine can infer, the victuals source of a country is in a direct carnal knowledgeship with its culture. This concept in rung supports the development of unique varietys of food for design, to a fault defined as its local or traditional food. The get together States of the States and lacquer, in this sense, are devil vastly different cultures with diverse food variants. The American continent, although of cour se surrounded by bodies of water, has a vast land area which it is cognize for. This prompted the development of the country to be generally agricultural and crop-based.Hence, corn and potatoes are considered as its fasten food. Japan, on the other hand, is considerably less in cost of center land area therefore, the development of its agriculture is quite limited and crop variants held to a minimum. The whole population instead focused its attention on the sea as a limitless source of food. Such sanctioned deflexions in food withal result in additive naval division to the details regarding it. Suggested food intake, nutritional claims, health claims are expected to be different to a certain(a) extent between the two. Health issues are expected to vary as advantageously.Hence, the American food culture and the Nipponese food culture are expected to be distinctly different with consideration to these aforementioned points of proportion. Methodology In order to begin the abridgment of the characteristics of the food from the unfamiliar Japanese culture, a direct sampling of Japanese food is required. Hence, the first major portion of the methodology requires that a eating place serving original Japanese cuisine is to be located within the locality. After choosing one, also keeping in mind that the price arena is well within the reach of the researchers budget, a prototype Japanese looker is to be ordered or bought.If possible, the method as to how the dish is prompt should be properly observed and famed. The characteristics of the dish should also be considered and inspected. Specific details in terms of try out and appearance are to be listed down. If possible, the constituents of the dish or its basic ingredients are also to be identified. After assessing such details regarding a sample dish of Japanese cuisine, a more practiced and research oriented approach shot towards analysis is to be started. The second master(prenominal) seg ment of the methodology pertains to the expert and research oriented part of the study.Specific details regarding the whole Japanese food culture are to be determined. Further research into the Japanese food culture and its historical development is to be accomplished. Further insights regarding the differences with the American food culture and standards will be rund by searching for the concomitant of a localized food pyramid as well as rules or guidelines for food labeling, health claims, and food content claims. Also, health concerns regarding food in the Japanese culture will also be taken into account.The common health problems, its sources and effects, will be established. Resulting data from the two principal(prenominal) sections of the research method gathered through such methods will be properly collated and on the whole analyzed afterwards. Results Upon locating a restaurant that offers authentic Japanese cuisine, a choice was do to order a exceedingly popular a nd common Japanese specialty, the sushi. In this case, an unlimited amount of sushi was made available, each variant served in differently colored plates riding on top of a conveyor belt like mechanism.There were so many variants of sushi, do the process of identification more troublesome. Fortunately in this case, each plate was properly labeled. The first variant of sushi sampled is called the nigiri sushi. In somatogenic form, the nigiri sushi mainly consists of hand-shaped rice with a single kind of topping per serving. This variant is however not simply a single kind as there were notable difference in toppings between servings. There were quaternion main types of nigiri sushi served one type had squid as topping, the second had shrimp, the ternary had raw fish, and the fourth was egg.Upon immediate sampling, the shrimp, and squid were notably very piano cooked, if cooked at all. The thin slices of fish served as toppings were obviously uncooked. Also, no spare flavor was added to enhance the flavor of these two toppings. The egg however, was noticeably move and sweetened. The rice below the topping, aside from beingness shaped, had no detectable growthal flavoring. The second variant of sushi sampled was considerably more complex in both structure and appearance. Called as the maki sushi, this variant evidently had more ingredients.There were two main types of maki sushi sampled, futo maki and hoso maki. In both, a thin dried seaweed preparation, cognise in Japan as the nori, covers the outer area of the flat circular shaped sushi. another(prenominal) common ingredient noticed for this variant is cucumber, sliced in small portions and apparently used fresh with no additional planning procedures. Carrots were also noted to be present in both types, having been prepared in the same manner as the cucumbers. The last notable similitude between the two is the use of caviar.The nature and source of the caviar was not determined the only detail note d regarding it was that it was commonly used as additional toppings or dispersed within the sushi. In terms of differences, the main distinguishing factor between the futo maki and the hoso maki is the inclusion of fish. Of the two, only hoso maki had slices of fresh raw fish, known to be commonly tuna, interspersed within the roll. As an additional note, the sushi variants were dipped in a mixture of Japanese soy sauce sauce and a aristocratic paste known as wasabi, with the resulting ratio dependent on ones preferences.After discussing the structure and constituent separate of the sampled dish in detail, findings regarding the taste are placed in focus. It is noticeable that the overall taste of the sushi alone is quite simple and plain, and at the same time good-natured and cool. It draws its appeal from the combined flavor of its parts. Such taste is expected since the parts used are neither sequenceed nor flavored in any matter. However, upon the addition of the wasabi and s oy sauce concoction, the sushi is given a stronger flavor, mainly a combination of salty and spicy taste.Upon completion of the sampling phase of the study, research was do to determine the historical context of Japanese food. Japan is one of the several(prenominal) island based countries throughout the world which is mainly surrounded by the sea, and on it also contains several bodies of water hence, even from the early points of Japanese history, food is commonly gathered from aquatic sources (Minnesota State University MSU, n. d. ). Since fish and other aquatic creatures such as shrimp, crabs, squid, octopus, and urchins, are commonly associated with the Japanese diet, people tend to think that the Japanese consume these exclusively.This however, is not the case in reality. The Japanese also consume various land grown products including well known ones like eggplants and carrots, along with rice which is considered as their staple food (MSU, n. d. ). Another face of research conducted in the study is concerned with something more flow government issued guidelines and policies regarding the food industry as well as the armorial bearing of a food pyramid. Specific points analyzed include food labeling, health claims, nutrient content claims, and of course, the food pyramid.Details regarding food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims were not very much analyzed in this case, hardly rather, the focus was placed upon whether such policies exist. In terms of food labeling, it has been noted that a similar system exists in Japan in comparison to other countries such as America. In fact, there has been a motility by the Japanese government to further increase the scope of the law, making it considerably more stringent in comparison to those of other countries (Gale gathering Incorporated GGI, 2008).As for laws regarding health claims, Japan has a well-defined and elongated policy system, pointing out specific categories for health and nutri ent claims and requirements for the application of companies for such claims to be approved for their product (National Centre of Excellence in utilitarian Foods NCEFF, 2004). Japan currently has a well-adapted food pyramid. Commonly encountered food items in Japan are included as examples some of these are rice, miso, honey, soy sauce, milk, soy milk, tofu, fish, clams, plums, and kelp (Southeastern Michigan Dietetic Association SEMDA, 1998).The final aspect looked upon in the research was regarding the usual health problems accompanying the local cuisine. Given the fact that Japanese food preparations often utilize raw to lightly cooked seafood, bloodsucking organisms is a usual threat (Ransom, n. d. ). Examples of these parasitic organisms are worms which latch on to various areas of a person, usually the gastrointestinal tract, in order to provide themselves vital nutrients. Another problem arising from their preference towards seafood is the possible occurrence of moody metal s in the flesh of sea-based organisms out-of-pocket to global environmental problems (Ransom, n.d. ). Discussion The results point out evident differences and similarities between the American and the Japanese food cultures. First, regarding food preparation and taste, from what was observed with the sushi, Japanese food preparation is simpler in constituent and is also rather simpler in terms of preparation. The focus of the Japanese prep is to maintain the natural form and flavor of the ingredients while blending well in combination.This is very much unlike the American way of prep since the focus is usually to use a main ingredient and season or flavor it in a way that after being cooked for a certain amount of time, the food has acquired an enhanced taste. In relation to this, the Japanese cuisine has a preference towards the uncooked and seafood, while American cuisine focuses on cooking techniques and the use of beef, pork, and chicken. These differences mainly arise from t he vary historical development of each country.In terms of the more technical side of food and its culture, specifically food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims, delinquent to the trend of globalization, it is quite understandable that in general, both Japan and America have law pertaining to food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims. Differences on these are mainly observed when inspecting the specifics. Aside from this, both countries have food pyramids. The difference on this point pertains to the food examples written in the pyramid the main structure and recommendations remain the same.Lastly, health issues and risks differ for both countries to a certain degree. The Japanese mainly hassle about issues regarding contaminants and parasites due to seafood consumption, while the Americans worry about problems such as heart disease and obesity due to the way food is prepared. Conclusion The historical and geographic differences of America and Japan have led to a distinct difference in terms of their local cuisine. Japan focused on seafood as one of the main food sources unlike America. The staple food is also different for both countries, being rice for Japan which is rather uncommon in the United States.Hence, in relation to this, food-related heath concerns also differ for both countries. However, far from what is expected in terms of Japan and America being completely different, current trends in relation to globalization and exports have shown that in the subject of food in general, America and Japan have several points in common. These points mentioned laws and policies pertaining to food labeling as well as health and nutritional claims. Therefore, although different at various points, Japan and America evidently has certain points of stringent similarities in the general subject of food contrary to what is commonly thought of.

Human and Plant Circulatory System

The human circulative system includes the heart, crease vessels, and the blood. The circulatory system in human is overly known as the cardiovascular system. The main parts of the plant circulatory system ar xylem and phloem. worldly concern and plants rely on their circulatory system a great encompass. localises and creation rely on their circulatory system to supply the body or plant with nutrients, humans to f are oxygen throughout the body, and plants to carry degree Celsius dioxide throughout the body.The circulatory system in both humans and plants also help the body eliminate down from the body of plants and humans. The xylems in plants are vessels, starting with the root of the plant where water and minerals are absorbed and efficiently carry the water throughout the body of the plant. The xylem also runs support to the plant. Nutrients or sugars produced through photosynthesis indispensableness to be sent to every cell in the plant, phloem get hold ofs this p ossible.Similar essay Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in An Aquatic EnvironmentPhloem lives as long as the plant while xylems function for one year. The xylems of a plant can be seen when a tree is cut the peal of the xylem can be seen also telling the age of the tree, each take a hop represents one year. The heart in humans pumps the nutrient rich blood throughout the human circulatory system via blood vessels. The blood vessels pump the blood throughout the body allowing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to be picked up in the lungs, intestines, and endocrine system.The various blood vessels in the human body because make a delivery to each cell in the body. The blood vessels then head back to the heart, on the way back carbon dioxide and waste is picked up to be exerted. Plant and animal circulatory systems are superior functioning. Plants rely on gravity and water surface tension to transport nutrients throughout the body of the plant, humans need a pumping heart to constantly pump blood throughout the body.Plants and humans both have supply shaped vessels to carry the nutrients, water, blood throughout the body of the plant or human, they both also have two sets of vessels that travel in opposite directions, both circulatory systems are designed to bring nutrients throughout the body. Plant vessels have only water solutions going through the vessels while humans have red and white blood cells flowing through the vessels as well. Plant and human circulatory systems have a great deal in common and differ greatly. The two distinct system provide the best function for the human and plant.Humans are highly active and need the quickly action of the human circulatory system to reproduce and forbid a continuous cycle of nutrients throughout the body. The circulatory system of plants are more constant and depends on the nutrients available in the environment in which the plant lives. . Rutishauser, S. (2011). Transport in Plants UntamedScience. Acce ssed Nov 21, 2012 at http//www. untamedscience. com/biology/plant-biology/transport-plants Carter, J. (2006) The Circulatory System. Retrieved November 20, 2012 from http//biology. clc. uc. edu/courses/bio105/circulat. htm

In Of Mice and Men Steinbeck presents a totally pessimistic view of life where dreams offer the only escape? Essay

Guys corresponding us that work on ranches atomic number 18 the loneliest abuses in the worldwith us it aint like thatbecause I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you. Perhaps of Mice and Men bunghole be perceived as a totally pessimistic reflectance of what life in 1930s America was like, solely through the unique relationship betwixt George and Lennie and the natural dignity of Slim, a balance between the good and the bad, the happy and the unhappy is achieved.The p bent-child relationship shared between George and Lennie passim the novel is certainly a good thing. From the start of the novel, we see George as a responsible character, a parent substitute to Lennie, whose loyalty seems more(prenominal) through kindness than a sense of duty. He reminds Lennie that (his) aunt Clara would like (him) running off by (himself) and nonwithstanding when he is severely provoke by Lennie to speak harshly to him, he soon feels chargeable and apologises I been m ean, aint I?. Lennie, on the other hand, acts like a child, unaware of the weightyships he and George face end-to-end the novel. He pleads with George to let him grip the rats he finds and needs George to repeat to him words and phrases so that he john remember them Lennieyou remember what I told you? Lennie raised his elbow and his face distort with thought.Yet although George is Lennies opposite, he continues to care for him throughout the novel, even at the end when he chooses to end Lennie life himself or else than watch him suffer under the wrath of Curley Lennie dies at the hand of the part he trusts, still believing in his dream, painlessly, happy and free Lennie jarred, and and so settled slowly forward to the sand, and he lay without quivering. still perhaps it is this dream that makes this novel seem so pessimistic it is what manifestly keeps them together yet at the end it is shattered, and with it, George and Lennies friendship comes to a shocking end. The drea m is of a very small farm, a precise place, which they own themselves, a dream of working for themselves and of being the ones in charge If we dont like a guy we contribute say Get the hell out, and by God hes got to do it. It is powerful enough to draw in Candy and, temporally, even the cynical Crooks. Yet although this dream offers an escape from reality and even when the try for of exemption seemed possible, it is shattered and George is left with no other option but to shoot his one and only ally in the struggle against a confederation which finds it difficult to imagine than one can fall in a friend to share his fears and sorrows with I never see one guy take so much trouble for anotherPerhaps Lennies death is down to fate and destiny, the fact that neither he nor George had any(prenominal) control over their lives, as reflected by Slims afflictive words at the end of the novel, You hadda George. I swear you hadda, or maybe it is in fact down to the rootless American s ociety of the 1930s.So to conclude, although George and Lennies friendship and Slims natural dignity are two good things, Lennies death and the collapse of the dream he and George believed in at the end of the novel leads one to feel that, during the Depression, freedom and success were perhaps impossible to achieve. The American Dream, the key to American psychology, stated that great personal success could be gained by hard work and private success. Yet in truth many were not allowed to achieve this success. Such groups included itinerant workers and Black people who, in this novel, are represented by Crooks, a character openly referred to as nigger, which exemplifies the casual racism directed towards him by the others and although the ranch custody do not set out to insult him deliberately, the use of the confines nigger signals to us that black men like Crooks were constantly profligate both verbally and physically by whites.The storys heart-rending resultant leads one to r ealise that for most migrant workers, the reality of their social federal agency means that the American Dream cannot be realised. This truth is reflected by the far-famed trial of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, both Italian immigrants who realised the true force of societys bias in the 1920s. Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted of the murder of a paymaster and his guard and the looting of $15,776 from the Slater and Morrill Shoe factory and were later executed for their crimes.From the evidence and the pellucid biased feelings toward immigrants, the case became one where their culture was on trial as opposed to their actions and thus they were bound to be found guilty. Instead of upholding the heavenly judicial process cemented in the United States Constitution, the conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti resulted from the prejudice and favoritism of old-stock Americans in the 1920s. For Sacco and Vanzetti, their time was not an age of reason in American history. As both were gu ilty and proudly so- of a cultural crimeMy conviction is that I draw suffered for things I am guilty of. I am suffering because I am a positive and indeed I am a radical I have suffered because I was an Italian, and indeed I am an Italian I have suffered more for my family and for my beloved than for myself but I am so positive(p) to be right that if you could execute me two times, and if I could be born-again two other times, I would live again to do what I have done already.

International organizations Essay

Introduction. The World Bank has been at the forefront in eradicating poverty among nations as well as keep or maintaining sustainable growth. It has carried out numerous projects to this regard. Establishment of the projects effectiveness is still an important steps to monitor if the objectives of the plan are actually met. monitor the projects should start right after the project commences. Background. The World Bank was make upally established in December 27 1945 after the ratification of the Breton actors line agreement.The main aim of its establishment was to prevent any re-emergence of the economic depressive disorder as had occurred in the 1930s. It is a border that offers loans to maturation countries to fund coachment projects or plans in trying to attain the goal of reducing poverty. It excessively offers loans to developed countries who it has prior scrutinized for creditworthiness. The World Bank was to ensure that the markets forces were let to draw without r egimen interferences. It would assist in the reconstruction and development of nations.The interests gained are utilise to assist the developing countries. Its headquarters are in Washington D. C and its activities are aimed to reducing worldwide poverty, implementing sustainable development and focusing on the achievement of millennium development goals and goals calling for the elimination of poverty. The constituent separate of the World Bank are IBRD and the IDA (International Development Association) which achieve their aims through and through preparation of low or no interest grants to countries with little or no access to international credit markets as a way of empowering them.(McGee et al, 109) The bank ope rank as a market establish non profit organization whereby it uses its graduate(prenominal) credit rating to make up for low interest rates of loans. The banks mission is to aid or assist developing countries and their inhabitants to achieve the MDGs (Millennium Deve lopment Goals) by alleviating poverty, developing an environs for investment, calling creation and sustaining growth. Promoting economical growth as well as investment funds in empowerment to enable them to participate in development. IDA grants are given over for environmental concerns .The World Bank works to solve pollution issues, infrastructures, education, health, boldness agriculture and rural development. The World Bank follows certain philosophies which are cognize as the comprehensive development strategies that are comprehensive and desire boundary. ample term strategies send ensure sustainable development compared to short term ones. Development goals and strategies should be owned by the country or based on local stakeholder participation in shaping them. (Robb, 2). Plans should aim at the local large numbers needs and it should incorporate them in it.Failure to incorporate the locals results to electronegative impact of programs on the mint as they feel neg lected and do non understand the aim of the programs. The development performance should be evaluated through measurable results on the ground so that adjustments can be made. Strategies ought to be timely, specific, and measurable. (Woods, 3) Case studies. The Cape Action Plan for the Environment (CAPE) is a 20 year national program to ensure that by 2024 the natural environment of Cape Florist Region (CFR) and the adjacent marine environment give be effectively conserved and restored.When appropriately implemented, it is aimed at delivering significant benefits to the volume in a way that give be embraced by the locals, endorsed by the authorities and recognized internationally. The two main objectives were to ensure that institutions relevant cooperated to develop a foundation for mainstream Cape Florist Region and the preservation of CFR sweetening through piloting and adaptation of sustainable models as well as effective management. For the successful death penalty of th is program, it must involve the local people right from formulation through implementation of the project.The government ought to support it similarly and foundation for biodiversity economy ought to be put in place. Priority sites acknowledge the unleashed defended areas. The program is delicate and it entails a great concentration of jeopardize plant species in the world. The saved area does non adequately protect biodiversity and this is the reason behind some environmentalist arguing that the progress or methodologies used by the World Bank program are not satisfactory. well-nigh 95% of protected reason is in the mountain habitats with solo 4.5% of the original extent on lowland. The reserves do not adequately sustain the ecological and evolutionary processes that are essential for the long term persistence of the CFRs diverse plant population. Functional riparian ecosystems migration corridors and natural fire cycles are some examples of such processes. The government i n like manner decreased its funding thus affecting the programs success. Institutional support which entails the governments support of the program both materially and legally is significant in the success of such a program.Proper management will call for more funding it its going to be successful. With reduced government funding the staff training, environmental education and program control of unknown vegetation are negatively affected. Fewer funds affect the implementation of the conservation measures and the positive effects that would have resulted are not attained. hold financial resources made it hard to meet the costs of new and protected areas. Lack of commitment by the key agencies to the project worked for the failure of the project.The program causes threat on land transformation where urban population will increase as more people leave the lands for cultivation. It is always argued that form of land use from traditional agricultural use to conservation of land use c an be regarded as a retrogressive mount for agriculture development. Trees could be cut in the process and this could lead to bad effects on the climate causing concerns by the environmentalist. Tree form a very important in carbon control in the atmosphere. They work to reducing the effects of global warming, an international concern that affects global climate.In fact the urban growth in Cape town is 2% per year. The ecosystem risks facing degradation due to invasive alien species. Approximately 43% of the Cape peninsula is covered in alien vegetation and thus poses a great risk of the estimated 750 species of plants facing extinction. The institution failed in disseminating organize information on the CFR biodiversity. Not sharing relevant information by agencies led to ineffective conservation planning. The fragmented legal institutional frameworks power saw the natural habitat protection jeopardized.Again with a few hooked human resources the conservation was negatively i nclined. Increased funding will exit a great improvement in the training exercise. Lack of usual involvement in the conservation will result to outright simplification in the conservation procedures. Lack of private involvement in the conservation process worsens the situation. Environmental education program reduce and representation of people in the conservation activities will be reduced and this will lead to ineffective in conservation. (Covey, 87)

Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reaction

Stoichiometry of a rush Reaction March 20,2013 Amber McCollum Introduction Stoichiometry is a branch of interpersonal chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships that exist among the reactants and out arrogates in chemical reactions To predict the amount of product produced in a precipitation reaction using stoichiometry, accurately account the reactants and products of the reaction, determine the actual rec in all vs. the theoretical comport and to calculate the shargon go. The equation that depart be used is Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) Method 1. Gather materials undeniable for taste which included a. petite test tube with lip b. Large beaker c. Small graduated cylinder d. Large graduated cylinder e. One 9in heave f. Citric acid g. Sodium bicarbonate h. Sodium chloride 2. To start the experiment * Na2CO3(aq) + CaCl2. 2H2O(aq) a CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O * Put on your goggles. * Weigh out 1. 0 g of CaCl22H2O and put it into the 100- mL beaker. Add 25 mL of distilled peeing and stir to exploit the calcium chloride solution. Use only distilled water since tap water may have impurities that interfere with the experiment.. Use stoichiometry to determine how much Na2CO3 you will gather up for a full reaction. Weigh the calculated amount of Na2CO3 and put it in a small paper cup. Add 25 mL of distilled water and stir to make a atomic number 11 carbonate solution. * swarm the sodium carbonate solution from the paper cup into the beaker with the calcium chloride solution. A fall down of calcium carbonate will form instantly. * Use the following instructions to set up a filtproportionn assembly. * Swirl the contents of the beaker to dislodge any(prenominal) precipitate from the sides. Then, while holding the separate out paper in send and open, slowly pour the content of the beaker into the filter paperlined funnel.Be careful to not permit the solution overflow the level of the filter paper while pouring. * banner out 2 to 5 mL of distilled water into the graduated cylinder. Pour this down the sides of the beaker, swirl, and pour into the filter paper-lined funnel. * after all the liquid has course from the funnel, lay the filter paper containing the precipitate on folded layers of paper towels and put this someplace where it will not be disturbed while the filter paper and its contents air-dry. Depending upon the humidity in your area this might ready several hours or days. When the filter paper and the precipitated calcium carbonate are completely dry weigh them, subtract the original weight of the forsake filter paper, and record the net weight of the calcium carbonate. This is your actual yield of calcium carbonate. * Now calculate the percent yield, using your theoretical yield and actual yield. Make sure to show all stoichiometric calculations and all data in your lab report. Calculations cadence 1 metamorphose 2 g of Ba(NO3)2 to mols of Ba(NO3)2 2 g Ba(NO3)2 x 1 mol Ba(N O3)2 = 0. 00765 groins Ba(NO3)2 261. 4 g Ba(NO3)2 Step 2 Consider the mol ratios of Ba(NO3)2 and CuSO4.The equation tells us that for 1 mole of Ba(NO3)2 we wishing 1 mole of CuSO4. Thus, since the mole ratio is 11, if we have 0. 00765 moles of Ba(NO3)2 we will need 0. 00765 moles of CuSO4. Step 3 Convert moles of CuSO4 to grams of CuSO4. 0. 00765 moles CuSO4 x 159. 6 g CuSO4 = 1. 22 g CuSO4 1 mole CuSO4 This means that we need 1. 22 g of CuSO4 to fully react with 2 g of Ba(NO3)2. Step 4 How much BaSO4 can we brook? The mole ratio between Ba(NO3)2 and BaSO4(s) is also 11. That means if we have 0. 00765 moles of Ba(NO3)2 we will also get 0. 00765 moles of BaSO4(s).Step 5 Convert the moles of BaSO4 to grams of BaSO4. 0. 00765 moles BaSO4 x 233. 4 g BaSO4 = 1. 79 g BaSO4 1mole BaSO4 Step 6 Double check our results by calculating the amount of Cu(NO3)2 (aq). We dont really need to live on the amount of Cu(NO3)2 (aq) for the experiment, but it helps us double check our other results. Since we admit that the sum up mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products, we suppose 0. 00765 moles Cu(NO3)2 x 187. 55 g Cu(NO3)2 = 1. 43 g Cu(NO3)2 1 mole Cu(NO3)2 Thus, 2 g Ba(NO3)2 positive 1. 22 grams CuSO4, yields 1. 79 g BaSO4. plus 1. 43 g Cu(NO3)2.We can verify our results by comparing the total mass of reactants, 3. 22 g, with the total mass of products, also 3. 22 g. This tells us that all our calculations are correct and we can confidently use them. Step 7 Calculate the theoretical yield. From previous calculations we know that we started with 2 grams of Ba(NO3)2, and need 1. 22 grams of CuSO4 to complete the reaction from which we can expect a yield of 1. 79 grams of BaSO4. Yet this is only a theoretical yield, for we should realistically expect a little less due to expected experimental demerit such as some BaSO4 being lost as it passed with the filter paper.Step 8 Determine the actual yield and percent yield. After the reaction is completed and the precipitate has formed, we need to filter and dry the precipitate before we can weigh it. If we assume that after drying we have 1. 65 grams of BaSO4, then The theoretical yield is 1. 79 grams of BaSO4. The actual yield is 1. 65 grams of BaSO4. The percent yield is 1. 65 g/ 1. 79 g x 100 = 92. 2%. Conclusion After the testing each know and unacknowledged of the experiment, finding the ratio of the substances wasnt very hard. The percentage of the unknown was 85. 8 %.

Copper Cycle Lab Essay

PurposeDuring this experiment, we were trying to see whether dogshit, after a chain of chemic reactions, will revert back to its portional form.ProcedureFirst, I added azotic point with sloven in a beaker, which turned into a shit nitrate, a blue-green dissolvent. Afterwards, I added atomic number 11 hydroxide, and my solution colored to a dark blue solution called copper color hydroxide. I heated the solution to evaporate the water and I got a brownish-blackish solid called copper oxide. at one time the solid appeared, I poured in sulphuric acid to it and I got copper sulfate, a bluish solution. The final step I took was to add the agent coat, which turned the solution from blue to clear, with a brown solid in the bottom of the beaker, copper.ObservationDuring each step, something happened. For instant, for the first step, when I added the acid to the copper, the copper disappeared and the solution turned from the clear acid color to a blue-greenish hue. In the next ste p, there was another chemical reaction when I added the sodium hydroxide. The whole solution turned blue when I stirred the mixture. When the time came to evaporate the solution, the liquids disappeared, leaving behind a wet, brownish solid in the middle of the beaker. When the solid was hot, it bubbled and popped until it cooled down. When all the liquids evaporated, I scraped off the solid and lay it in a separate beaker. Once I put the sulfuric acid in it, the brown solids (copper oxide) slowly dissolved and turned the acid into blue. After the acid was blue, I added the metal/grey colored zinc into the solution the solution bubbled and the zinc turned the solution clear. The zinc disappeared and in its place, copper appeared.AnalysisFor each step, there was a chemical reaction, and for the part where we evaporated the water/liquefied chemicals. For each step, I was turning the copper into a compound. When an acid was added to the copper, it turned the element into a compound. When a footstall was added later, it merely replaced the acid with the base.ConclusionFor this experiment, I can conclude that an element/ number can never be destroyed or created. The copper cycle is evidence for the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that an element or matter can never be created or destroyed, only changed.

Nazism Theme in the Antz Movie

In the plastic film Antz, there were a variety of types of governances shown. The briny one demonstrated by usual Mandible, was fascism or also cognise as nazism. General Mandible uses his army to make the other ants in the colony be contract. There are many different situations shown in this movie to prove that General Mandible uses Fascism or Nazism in this movie. Whereas, on the other hand, Z wants a organise democracy. He wants everyone to say what they have to say and treats everyone evenly. The first reason showing that General Mandible is using a fascism or nazism is that he does not care in effect(p) about every individual ant he only cares about his colony. He does not care about what any ant has to say and whatever he says, that is what is going to happen.Whereas Z says that everyone should speak out. Also everyone is the same. In the movie, Z says that everyone should think for themselves and that. There are also many other places where General Mandible demonstrat es a Nazism or a fascism type of government is that he imprisoned people when they did not so anything wrong. An example of this was when Z ran away and General Mandible imprisoned Weaver. Since Weaver did not do anything wrong, General Mandible should not have been allowed is imprison him. Z on the other hand wants the colony to be run as a democracy.As the colony was making a ladder, Z says that we are a colony, implying that everyone is just as important to one another. Also in the end when everyone gets up safely, he says that we did it, not I did it. There were many other types of governments shown in this movie as well but these ii showed the major two in the movie. Even though Z did not use the direct democracy, it is what he wanted to be used and it is what would have been used if Z had been the leader.

Notes on a Scandal Essay

The title of the book offers to us an understanding what as to may be to going happen in the story. The story is compose with a runner person narrator and so we have sex that the story go forth be just one persons way of thinking. Also as a reader we must ask, is the whole story unreliable when written in this daybook form because it is one persons experience point?Through the involvement of Barbara in this story we do loll a participant and narrator in one person, so we argon invited to believe everything that this person is going to furcate us about everybody relating to her. hardly Barbara to a fault uses the power of control, because she does not put as what we would like to know about her relationship with Jennifer. Her comments hint that Barbara has been obsessed in the past. From Barbaras stand even-tempered we can understand that she is been too intense in the relationship with Jennifer. Barbara wept in a train station later on seeing Jennifer with her new friend . This suggests that Barbaras feelings go beyond friendship.Barbara tells as that, From snip to time one of my colleagues will call me Barb or, even less desirably, Babs but I warn it. But who would call her Babs? Everyone is scared to talk to her she seems an unpopular person.Heller too hints to us about the similarity in age amid Polly (seventeen historic period old and still a girl without boyfriend) and Connolly (fifteen years old, Shebas lover). Sheba is a forty-two-year old pottery teacher at St Georges school. AfterSheba fly in love with Connolly she feels much younger and her feelings seem adolescent to the reader. Shebas husband is nearly the same age as Barbara around cardinal years old, and both of them feel younger by having a relationship with Sheba. Barbara thinks, afterward the loss of Jennifer, that she has got a kindred spirit in Sheba. Barbara and her diary are inseparable even when visiting her sister she spends more time with her diary than with the fami ly suggesting the diary itself has become an obsession.There are also advantages of the number one person narrator, because we fuss the outperform insight into Barbaras character. She shows the reader aspects of her insular life, like when she is standing on a chair and talking into the mirror. She also describesher relationships to other people in her diary, so that the reader of the diary has genuinely got a view of her mind. This is a device Heller uses to good effect.Barbara is describing Shebas character Sheba was so pitifully alone, but she was really describing herself and her character, so here Zo Heller uses irony. Barbara also writes a lot about the intimate strife between Sheba and the Connolly boy and that the prevalent do not let in relations like this one. It seems really she could be referring to her relationship to Jennifer and the fact that the semipublic would not accept a lesbian sexual issue between two teachers.Barbara confuses the reader with writing s uch things likeI am presumptuous enough to believe that I am the person best qualified to write this small history and I rely upon lucubrate accounts provided by Sheba herself, because we have to question Barbaras reliability as she herself is audience Shebas story second hand. It may be that Sheba herself is not only if honest with Barbara and some elements of truth are lost along the way. An shell could be the premiere caress between Sheba and the Connolly boy, because in that respect being few aspects of the Connolly business that Sheba has not described to Barbara. In the imagination of the first kiss it has to be the peak of the familiarity, because this first kiss has got so much zipper and satisfaction which can allow every possibility with our feelings in this finicky fleck. It is situation like this that makes the reader question Barbaras reliability. She talks with potence about situations she has not witnessed.Certainly, there is no other friend or relative of Shebas who has been so intimately involved in the periodical business of her affair with Connolly. The use of the intimately suggests a relationship not a friendship and its not true Sheba didnt tell her until she has to. With my second blow I took the top of the boys manoeuver off cleanly, like an egg. This is an example of symbolism by prison-breaking the sculpture, Barbara destroys the relationship. She thinks this will bring Sheba to her showing the depth of her obsession.The affair actually ends already before it was discovered through Barbara. Heller shows us this in succeeding(a) sentences They made love rather quickly and at Connollys behest on the floor. Also is shown Connollys loss of feelings Nothing like one afterwards is there? he said. Sheba remembers having to suppress a smile at this studied, post-coital nonchalance. Connolly did become interested in girls his age Sheba remarked that her daughter want to do the same thing when she was smoking and Connolly s eemed interested by this. From this moment on Sheba was scared to lose Connolly Sheba interrupted his questioning to kiss him and tell him how handsome he was. Heller also shows us that Connolly is still a boy, even after this affair Connolly grimaced.Barbara, this old lady with an unstable psyche, bites the pick up which Sheba readied for her and marks this event with two gold stars in her diary For a split second we both looked at the boy. Then she looked back at me. There was fear in her expression but also something else a kind of glee or amusement. It is at this point in the novel the two obsessions collide also its almost as if, Sheba wants to share her experience.As well as the main two obsessions, there are also minor ones Jennifer acquires a restraining in order against Barbara Marcia still sees Richard at family occasions after twenty years of divorce. Sheba is fixated with Pollys water closet which links in to the latters obsession with boys. Finally Brian uncovers the affair to the public, because it was intolerable for him to imagine Sheba being intimate with Connolly.Sheba seems to want to share her affair with others. This is confirmed by Sheba coming back home, after intimate sense of touch with Steven Sheba wants to shout at Richard, because she was feeling younger also she was absolutely uplifted of this affair Guess what, you complacent old fart? Ive been out on the heath, getting fucked by a sixteen-year-old What do you think of that? In spite of her immoral behaviour Sheba oddly wants others to know.At the end Steven Connolly was her drive of obsession and Sheba did achieve her aim. She had an affair with a young boy and she was his first lady. Youre my first old lady if thats what you mean. Sheba was arouse by Connollys sex appeal and flattered by his attention.We are told by Heller that Barbara is the winner of this novel, but by closely contemplation what did Barbara get at the end? The burned out wreck of Sheba Barbara has to lo ok after Sheba, like she is a child Oh? she said. Her tone was dreamily neutral also Then I sat her down and I made us some lunch.So in my opinion Sheba is the winner of this novel, because of her affair with Connolly and after that she got, Barbara as a replacement for Richard someone to look after her burned-out body without spirit or life.Sheba has fooled everyone, but she didnt involve to end up with broken heart and weaker mind.In appealing to the public for understanding of this non-orthodox relationship, Barbara and Sheba are really appealing to a society who would name a close relationship between them laughable.

Assessing A Company’s Future Financial Health Essay

Google is a multinational corpo proportionalityn that serves thousands of con bosomers homowide. Through inter winnings related products such as meshwork countes, maps, emails, mobile apps, and oppositewise online confine for users Google became the gild it is today. Every employee of Google is different in his or her own steering reservation it a well-diversified organization similar to the global listening they serve. Googles mission statement is to organize culture from all almost the world and make it universally accessible at a readily and hospital attendant fashion. This means creating a search engine smart enough to picture the difference among Jaguar, the car, and jaguar, the animal. Google went public in 2004 and has been doing exceptionally well incessantly since. It has an estimated number of over triple hundred million servers using the search engine all day. From these statistics it is easy to say that Google is number ane in the Internet information sedulousness. This industry is considered to be one of the most cardinal economic sectors overdue to the item that it is for industries that atomic number 18 information intensive.Although on that point are many search engines similar to Google, such as Yahoo, Facebook, Groupon, Microsoft, and Pearson education, Google seems to be the one consumers use much frequently. The abridgment of this paper allow for discuss the certain financial status of Google, conditions relevant to the market, competitors, and recent news. One way to rhythm the financial health of Googles trust worthyy status is to analyze the S.W.O.T analysis effects, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This being said Google should maintain its current strengths of a successful audience which helped reach a naughty of $13,100,000,000 opeproportionnal income for the current fiscal form. With the yield of the caller over the net five years Googles net income, gross arrive at, and revenue enhancem ent bring forth gradually outgrowthd. Hitting a humble point towards the end of 2008 and the get down of 2009 then raise again in 2010. Even during a recession, a time of need, Google remained lucrative through its assets, liabilities, steadfast stock price, and susceptibility for reconcileing post debt.Googles append assets have steadily increased from 2008 to 2012. Some advert figures to point out in their assets are the slow ontogenesis between the second half of 2008 to the second of 2009. This slow egress period is believably due to the economic recession. Google as well saw a strong growth in assets from the second rear end of 2012 to the third quarter 2012. Google has mainly unbroken its liabilities relatively low compared to assets. thither was some increase in liabilities in 2010 as well as an extensive increase 2012 compared to earlier years.The stock price during the recession drastically decreased for many companies but this was not the case for Google. In 2008, the beginning of the recession, Googles stock price increased by $7 every year since the recession the stock price has risen and is predicted to continue rising for future years. Google excessively remains a strong corporation because of their efficiency on returning back their debt with their exchange real from ope dimensionns. This potbelly be shown by their operating(a) specie conflate to total debt ratio. Googles operating cash feast to total debt ratio is 2.56%. Meaning cash is prongy the amount of debt issued. Therefore, Google is commensurate to pay back their debt fairly quick. Although Google has some strengths the company in any case has some weaknesses.A key figure that contests Googles respected reputation is its bond rating. In 2011 Google started to issue bonds they received a rating of AA, the fourth down level of ratings a company chamberpot receive. However, the double a rating s public treasury means the company is a risque credit-qu ality investment. According to credit rating Agency dismals, who gave the rating, Google received the rating due to their substantial financial flexibility as well as its conservative financial philosophy. For the year ending celestial latitude 31, 2012 for Google, it finished with $60,454,000 in current assets. This is a big increase from 2011, which had $52,758,000 in current assets, a total increase of $7,696,000. The bulk of this increase is due to net receivables, which could be the ending from selling advertising space on credit or one of the many products Google offers. Cash and cash equivalents also had a major jump of $4,795,000, which could be the result from selling phones, advertising, apps, and other cash generating assets Google owns. This is a promising sign to investors because if they can sustain the growth hopefully enough cash will be retained and dividends will be offered. Assets2012 2011 2010 Current AssetsCash and Cash Equivalents14,778,000 9,983,000 13,6 30,000Short Term Investments33,310,000 34,643,000 21,345,000 can Receivables 9,729,000 6,387,000 5,261,000Inventory 505,000 35,000 Other Current Assets 2,132,000 1,710,000 1,326,000Total Current Assets 60,454,000 52,758,000 41, 562, 00 Googles total assets have steadily increased dating back from 2008 to 2012. Some key figures to point out in their assets are the slow growth between the second half of 2008 to the second of 2009. This slow growth period is probably due to the economic recession. Google also saw a strong growth in assets from the second quarter of 2012 to the third quarter 2012. Google has mainly kept its liabilities relatively low compared to assets. There was some increase in liabilities in 2010 as well as an extensive increase 2012 compared to earlier years. Google has a total asset turnover of .6%. The total asset turnover can be interpreted to mean the amount of sales, that each unit of assets can gene commit. Simply, its smarter to get more sales on the assets t hat you are deploying to a business.The higher(prenominal) the total asset turnover, the better the business is doing. Therefore, Googles dowry of .6% is an indication that the company is below the average industry of .7%. The current ratio measures a companys ability to pay poor-term liabilities. The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its liabilities. Google has a current ratio of 3.94, in comparison to the industry average of 4.8%. Due to the fact that Google is under the industry average it means that Google can pay back its short-term debt but not as quick as other companies in the industry. The quick ratio is very similar to the current ratio in the way it also measures the companys ability to pay of short-term liabilities. The only difference is that it adds the inventory of the company to its calculations. Google maintains a quick ratio of 3.7, which still shows it, is efficient in paying off its short-term obligations. The debt to equit y ratio indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. Google has a debt to equity ratio of 11.61%. This is considered high and means that the company has been strong- ontogeny in pay its growth with debt.The high number can result in in lieent earnings as a result of additional interest expense. Google has a return on assets of 10.5%. This is an indicator of how earnable a company is relative to its total assets. Since Google maintains an ROA below the industry average, of 15.6%, this shows that the company is earning slight bullion on investments. Google has days sales outstanding or DSO of 49.8. This means that Google takes a relatively long time to receive revenue once a sale has been made. This could be because most of their sales could be done on credit. With the expansion of the industry, Google has an opportunity for growth. The current growth rate for 2012 for Google is 11.29% and it is predicted to increase to 17.43% in 2013. The reason Google is predicted to grow over the next year or so is because the demand for online use is more predominant. With the growth of this industry it is vital that Google is aware of the threats it may encounter.One of Googles biggest competitors, Microsoft, has introduced a new organized search engine called Bing. The search engine Bing is gradually growing and advancing their technology making them a threat towards Google. Whenever Google advances their technology Bing turns around and does something to make their search engine better, creating a war between the two. Google is broadly speaking strong in its ability to cover debt. It has a current ratio of 3.94%, meaning it can efficiently cover its short-term liabilities. The company also has a debt to assets ratio of .07%. This number measures the companys financial bump of exposure by determining how much of the companys assets have been financed by debt. Since Googles number is equal to industry average it is easy to realize that Google has average financial risk because its assets are significantly higher than its short and long term debt.Google also shows a strong ability to pay off their interest because their EBITDA to interest ratio is extremely high at 154.64. The operating cash flow to total debt ratio measures how well the cash generated from Googles operations covers current liabilities. Googles operating cash flow to total debt ratio is also high at 2.56. This is a skinny sign and means Google is able to generate a large sum of cash to pay off debts. When a company with operating cash flow is considerably higher than its net income the company is considered to have high quality. This is the case with Google. In 2008 Googles net income was $6,632,000,000 and its operating cash flow was $7,853,000,000. oer the goal five years both net income and operating cash flows have increased. Net income increased to $13,339,000,000 and the cash from operating activities increase to $15,87 4,000,000. Since Google is generating a good amount of their money back they have been able to reduce debt along with buying backs some of their stock.Google investing activities primarily consist of information technology, consumer discretionary, and financials. In 2008 Googles investing activity started out at $5,319,000,000 and gradually increased over the last five years till it reached $19,041,000,000 in 2011. In the beginning of 2012 Googles investing activities decreased to a $12,101,000,000. In 2012 Googles main investment was information technology with a hint utility research. Over the last few years Google has fagged an exceptional amount of money on capital expenditures, items that last a long time to keep the company running. Over the last three years Google spent an average of $2,755,333,000 on capital expenditures. Cash from financing activities measures the movement of cash between a firm, its owners, and creditors.Financing activities consist of publication divide nds and issuing or selling stock. In 2008 and 2009 there was no long-run or short-term debt issued but in 2010 Google issue over $5,246,000,000 worth of debt and only paid back $1,783,000,000 of the debt. The following year Google issued $10,179,000,000 dollars worth of debt and repaid more then 2/3s of the debt, making them a credible company. Over the last few years Google did not have any dividends. In 2010 Google repurchased a stock of $801,000,000 because they felt their stocks were undervalued. When a company buys back stock they increase their earnings per share and increase the market value of the outstanding shares.From 2009 to 2010 cash from financing increased drastically, from $233,000,000,000 to $3,050,000,000,000. With a CAPM beta of 1.23 and a P/E ratio of 21.65 Google is a riskier firm. Googles beta of 1.23 is above average making it riskier than other firms in the industry due to the amount of debt issued. However, firms with higher risk have higher return. Googles P/E ratio is also currently under the industry average of 28.70% making the stock undervalued. Over the next year Google had predicted that their P/E ratio would decrease to 17.88. pay back on equity or ROE, shows a corporations favourableness by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested. Relative to the industry average of 15.30% Google has a relatively high ROE of 17.18%. Meaning Google generates a strong profit with the money shareholders invested in the company. In comparison to Google, Microsoft has a ROE of 24.5%, EBay has a ROE of 21.28%, Akamai Technologies has a ROE of 8.94%, and Baidu with an exceptionally high ROE of 53.6%. Another way to compare Google to its competitors is to compare benchmarks. Benchmarking of Googles competitors would be measured in terms of profit margin. The higher the profit margin the more profitable a company is. Google has a profit margin of 59.92 % while its biggest competitor Microsoft has a profi t margin of 75.23% and Apple has a profit margin of 43.87%. This means that Microsoft has a competitive advantage of cost control compared to Google, Apple, and other competitors in this industry. passim the years Google has remained a strong well-known company that supplies organized information from all around the world to thousands of consumers every day. Through exploiting strengths, executing opportunities, doctor weaknesses, and distinguishing threats Google can remain a top-notch company and continue to dominate the Internet Information system.Some recent news for this company is the mind-blowing effort between Apple and Google. Within the last year Apple had fasten Google for seeking unreasonably high license fees for patent use on wireless technology. Apple claimed that Motorola was in violation of their patent by seeking a license fee of 2.25 percent of the price of devices. Over the last week Google was pleased to hear that this lawsuit was dropped due to the fact that there was no basis for the claim.ReferencesGoogle Inc. Yahoo Finance. Yahoo, n.d. Web. .Google Inc. Announces Second Quarter 2012 Financial Results Investor transaction Google. Google Inc. Announces Second Quarter 2012 Financial Results Investor Relations Google.n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2012. Reference for Business. Google, Inc.N.p. n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.