Identification of Metallic Ions

Ocean County College Department of Chemistry Identification of tinny Ions Purpose The purpose of this lab exercise was to per build and observe the beam runnings of some alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. When electrons in auriferous ions ar grounded, their configuration is stable. In former(a) words, the loosely bound electrons in the valence shell of the atom are satisfied at their poor force state. They do not require to be balanced by emitting any type of radiation or receiving any additional electrons.However, these stable, grounded electrons in the gold ions become excited to higher energy levels due to the presence of heat, thus losing their stability. They absorb heat energy, but counteract by release the absorbed energy to become grounded once again. This released energy comes in the form of electromagnetic energy. Some of the released heat energy is in the visible swinging source region. The metallic ions being heated disperse unique tinges which are charact eristic ranging from a lower energy (red) to a high energy (violet) and some colors in between.We can learn much almost the element were working with by simply observing the color flame that is produced. Flame tests are a common confirmation test to severalise specific elements. Procedure I began the lab by preparing a safe work area and the required metallic ions. The ions used in this lab were as follows Barium process, Calcium process, Cupric Nitrate, Lithium Nitrate, potassium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, Strontium Nitrate, and an unknown solution. I primed(p) 0. 5 mL of sodium nitrate into a well on the 24-well plate, recording its location.I placed 0. 5 mL of the other 7 solutions in 7 other wells on the plate, recording their locations as well. I slopped the point in time of a cotton swab into the solution of sodium nitrate and passed the soaked end through the flame several times until I detect a color change. I recorded all observations in the selective information Tabl e chart below. I repeated these steps for the other 7 solutions. Data Table Observations Column1 Column2 Metallic Ion Flame Color Sodium Nitrate Orange/yellow Strontium Nitrate thick Crimson ruddyPotassium Nitrate Violet Barium Nitrate Green/ chickenhearted Lithium Nitrate Deep Crimson Red Calcium Nitrate Orange Cupric Nitrate Blue/Green Unknown (Lithium) Deep Crimson Red Conclusion The flame test was a achievement and satisfied my learning objective. Since every metal gives the flame a disparate color, I was able to identify most of the given elements with a delicate room for error. The unknown solution gave off a deep red-faced red glow which could have been either strontium nitrate or lithium nitrate.I went with the latter after doing the test several times, comparing the glows. Dimming the light in the room helped tremendously to get a better melodic theme of the true color of each flame. Although this method isnt perfect to identify more unknown ions due to the slight va riations of colors, it does the job. The low energy metallic ions include were Strontium and Lithium. The moderate energy ions were Sodium, Barium, and Calcium. The higher energy ions were slovenly person and Potassium.

Employee Is the Most Important Asset Essay

Human Resource is the most important plus of an organization. In Singapore, where there atomic number 18 no natural resources, human capital is oneness of the valuable resources that the country depends on to attract foreign investors. The skills, knowledge and assure of each individual contribute to the growth of organizations, communities and the development of the nation. With instantlys workforce becoming more diverse, the importance of employee has also been increasingly highlighted in the organizations.QUALITY OF STAFF stack are employed to perform the miscellaneous hierarchy roles in the different divisions of an organization. They are mainly the Admin, Sales & Marketing, Finance, Production, cultivation Technology, Customer Service and Human Resource.In order to gain a competitive advantage in the market, it is vital to have the correct multitude in their remarkive role in these functional divisions as the provide can then perform their scope of work to produce ten uous results for the union. Particularly when employees talents are valuable, rare and difficult to imitate, an organization can obtain a sustained competitive advantage.Human resource is always link to one organization profitability and their ability can non be replaced by machines as discussed by Hargreaves and Jarvis (1998 3).ORGANIZATION AND ITS PEOPLEEvery business and agreement pass on have its own unique culture, based in the prevailing beliefs and determine within the business and organization. The advanced equipment, new technology, good marketing strategic, brilliant customer advantages and many other elements can be the factors to march on up for the success of an organization. In every business large number are playing different roles with defined responsibilities and accountability. Take for exercising, in the manufacturing and production industries, the pulverisation and machines are considered very important just as the mess.However, I mark off to a larg e extent that human resource is still sure enough an extremely valuable asset to determining the success or failure. In an industry that depends on highly skilled professionals in a service firm, without their support, the organizations daily business function allow for not be done well and ready.In my opinion, one good example of a successful organization that values its employees as an important asset of its business would be CapitaLand Limited. CapitaLand is one of Asias largest real estate companies and it believes that population are the core assets. This is made true with its philosophy of Building People to Build for People.A second example would be Sheng Siong Supermarket Pte Ltd. The managing director, Mr Lim surcharge Chee is a hardworking man who believes in treating the employees well. His staffs get one loose meal every day a buffet-style one for those who work in the Woodlands headquarters and boxed meals for the rest. He always has the employees interests at hea rt and will go out of his way to help anyone who has problems at understructure e.g. plentiful cash incentives to those with young kids. He believes that only when the employee is happy at home will he be able to concentrate at work.Ultimately, a prompt employee can make a significant difference to the companys bottom line in terms of bringing in new orders, conflux customer needs, developing new products and thus meeting the goals of the organization.NEEDS OF THE STAFFEmployees talent and efforts have tangible effects on an organizations productivity and stability. As such, efforts are often been unheeded and fail to satisfy employees needs. When employees efforts are not recognized, there will be a lack of commitment to the organization. Thus, employees will not be motivated and will be less creative. It is important to have a viridity understanding of having a work-life balance environment for its employees.CONCLUSION As peoples talent, ability, and grasp of the business im prove, some group members are liable(predicate) to realize their own high growth potential. Organisations will probably concentrate minor setbacks when losing a valuable team member to a reveal job or even another company. On the contrary, it means the organisation is giving its people important skills.Hence by helping the people to scale up their critical skills, it can establish skills accountability and harbor continuous learning a key strength in todays marketplace of constantly changing environment. Lets ca-ca and promote a culture of knowledge and innovation in our organization, and respect Human Asset the most valuable Intangible Asset.

Renaissance Art

realism History 2 spiritual rebirth Art The Renaissance is studded by the names of the artists and interior designers, with their creations recorded as striking historical events (Arthur, 2008). The Renaissance was an duration of great art and literature, and was a distributor point of time when people shifted come forthside(a) from the ideas and traditions of the Middle Ages. piecey of the most prominent educators, artists and architects were from this period. Artworks dating from the 1 fifth century to the 16th century, during the Renaissance era, express ideas of individualism, imitations of unequivocal ancientness and the accord of proportions and realism.Michelangelo David, the self-portrait of Raphael, and da Vinci dad Vines Mona Lisa depicts the idea of individualism. Unlike the paintings during the Middle Ages that mostly contained phantasmal themes that glorified God, the works of these artists foc utilise on the potential of man, and each of them had their induc e unique style that showed their different talents and capabilities. Art in the Renaissance brought out the individual (Scotsman, 2008). Michelangelo sculpture, David (1501-1504) shows he idea of an ideal Renaissance male.The sculpture is wrought into a physically perfect man who stands in a self-confident manner. This symbolizes that mans capacity for personal development is unlimited knowledge and a capacious range of abilities atomic number 18 within every mans reach (How To Be, 2008). A self-portrait of Raphael (1504-1506) overly shows how individualism was valued during the Renaissance. Repeals self- portrait of himself portrays the idea of self-glorification (Scotsman, 2008). Leonardo used numerous of his induce novel techniques and ideas to paint Mona Lisa.The way the objects eyes were painted, the way the subjects utter curved into a subtle smile, and the landscape behind the subject that appears to be a fictional place gave the painting its uniqueness (The Mona Lisa , 2009). Many of the artists during the Renaissance focused on individuality and on painting in their own unique styles to portray the potential of piece beings. Imitation of classical antiquity can be seen in renowned artworks such as Leonardo dad Vines Vitamins Man (1490), and Repeals The enlighten of Athens (1509-1510). Both of artists studied the findings and observations of the Romans andGreeks, and used them as a reference to create their own works of art. The Vitamins Man was subjected by Leonardo dad Vinci in honor of the Roman architect Vitreous. Dad Vinci used Vitreouss ideas of perception and proportion to create the sketch (Vitamins Man, 2012). He read the ancient Roman texts and combined it with his actual observations of the human body. Repeals The School of Athens is a painting that exhibited many well-educated Greek scholars and educators. Plato and Aristotle are painted right in the center of the painting with Socrates on sink of the staircases The School of Ath ens, 2012).Many artists during the Renaissance looked back into the works of their ancestors, combined the ideas of the past and hand over to create their own paintings and artwork. The proportions and realistic features that can be seen in Michelangelo The concept of Adam (1 51 1), and Leonardo dad Vines Vitamins Man (1490), is one of the factors that find Renaissance artwork. Both Michelangelo and Dad Vinci studied the human anatomy to scram more realistic artworks. In The Creation of Adam, God is resting on the define of the human brain (Hall, 2013). All the figures in the painting had depth and perspective.Leonardo sketch of the Vitamins Man was carefully proportioned. The length of the outspread arms were equal to the figures upside and the length of hand is one-tenth of the height. The sketch also shows the symmetry of the human body. The artists during the Renaissance focused greatly on realism, painting all their artworks with great detail of every part of the human bo dy. The Renaissance was a period of time when artworks shifted away from only focusing on religion to representing individualism, classical antiquity, and respective and realism.

Education of respondents Essay

The above give in shows that thither are xiii answerers belong to the last School Highest educational progress level. This group represents threescore five part of the entire respondent population. This group level is rank 1 in the above table based on their percent advance. Also, there are five respondents belonging to the College level. This group represents twenty five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 2 in the above table based on their percent date. Also, there are twain respondents belonging to the Masters level. This group represents ten percent of the entire respondent population.This group level is ranked 3 in the above table based on their percentage. on that point are more respondents belonging to the High School Highest educational science level. 4. 4. strong dissimilitude amid the respondents goal if the darling unused is authorized or fiction when sort harmonise to Age, Gender and Highest educational Attainment. 4 . 4. 1 Age board 4 analysis of variance Significant remnant mingled with the respondents close if the dear(p) saucy is real or fiction when sort harmonise to Age. world Sum of satisfyings Df believe unbent F Sig. Between Groups . 806 3 . 269 . 184 .906 in spite of appearance Groups 23. 394 16 1. 462 integrality 24. 200 19 Critical apprize 2. 353 As for the go over motion Is darling newfangled Real (or Fiction)? In impairment of age, the layer of liberty is 3 and the computed F is 0. 184 with a importation of . 906. The decisive pass judgment is 2. 353. at that place is no significant end amongst the respondents determination if the approve tone brisk is real or fiction when sort out agree to Age because the computed F repute is press d admit than the diminutive take account. in that locationfore, the respondents with distinguishable age levels cook the equivalent levels in term pragmatism of the costly novel.4. 4. 2 Gender circuit card 5 analysis of variance Significant residue amid the respondents determination if the erotic love novel is real or fiction when sort out tally to Gender. REALITY Sum of unbents df suppose feather F Sig. Between Groups . 010 1 . 010 . 007 . 934 inwardly Groups 24. 190 18 1. 344 radical 24. 200 19 Critical nourish 6. 314 As for the survey question Do knuckle down mothers in earnest look at to decline to own their children? , In toll of gender, the distributor point of exemption is 1 and the computed F is . 007 with a moment of 0. 934. The little prize is 6. 314. in that location is no significant difference amid the respondents in name of the world of the Beloved new(a) when grouped fit to Gender because the computed F grade is g lower berth than the scathing value. therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in call of the ingenuousness of the Beloved novel. 4. 4. 3 Highest educational Attainment add-in 6 analysis of vari ance Significant difference mingled with the respondents determination if the Beloved novel is real or fiction when grouped concord to Highest educational Attainment. REALITY Sum of upstandings df cerebrate satisfying F Sig. Between Groups . 131 2 . 065 . 046 . 955 within Groups 24.069 17 1. 416 get 24. 200 19 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Is Beloved Novel Real (or Fiction)? , In scathe of highest educational Attainment, the floor of granting immunity is 2 and the computed F is . 046 with a substance of 0. 955. The scathing value is 2. 920. on that point is no significant difference amongst the respondents in name of the reality of the Beloved Novel when grouped harmonize to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the censorious value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms highest Educational Attainment in the Beloved Novel.4. 5. Significant difference amongst the respo ndents determination if buckle down behavior is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped check to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. 4. 5. 1 Age Table 7 analysis of variance Significant difference mingled with the respondents determination if knuckle down animateness is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped accord to Age. behavior Sum of unbents df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2. 564 3 . 855 2. 124 . 137 Within Groups 6. 436 16 . 402 Total 9. 000 19 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question Is slave life harsh in Beloved? , In terms of age, the degree of liberty is 3 and the computed F is 2.124 with a significance of . 137. The vital value is 2. 353. There is no significant difference amidst the respondents determination if slave life is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped match to Age because the computed F value is lower than the particular value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the levels in terms acrimony of slave life in the Beloved novel. 4. 5. 2 Gender Table 8 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination if slave life is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Gender. aliveness Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 238 1 .238 . 489 . 493 Within Groups 8. 762 18 . 487 Total 9. 000 19 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question Is slave life harsh in Beloved? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 238 with a significance of 0. 493. The captious value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the pitting of slave life in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the exact value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the harshness of slave life in the Beloved novel.4. 5. 3 Highest Educational Attainment Table 9 ANOVA Significant difference between the res pondents determination if slave life is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Highest Educational Attainment. LIFE Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 969 2 . 485 1. 026 . 380 Within Groups 8. 031 17 . 472 Total 9. 000 19 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Is slave life harsh in Beloved? , In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 026 with a significance of 0. 380. The comminuted value is 2.920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel. 4. 6. Significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe entangle nigh her maternally suffering in th e Beloved novel when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment.4. 6. 1 Age Table 10 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe felt close to her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age. SUFFERIN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 206 3 . 069 . 239 . 868 Within Groups 4. 594 16 . 287 Total 4. 800 19 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question How did Sethe tone of voice about her motherly suffering? , In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is . 239 with a significance of . 868. The critical value is 2. 353.There is no significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of how Sethe felt about he r motherly suffering in the Beloved novel. 4. 6. 2 Gender Table 11 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Gender. SUFFERINSum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 086 1 . 086 . 327 . 574 Within Groups 4. 714 18 . 262 Total 4. 800 19 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question How did Sethe feel about her motherly suffering? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 327 with a significance of 0. 574. The critical value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the how Sethe feels about her motherly suffering in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value.Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of how Sethe feels about her motherly suffering in the Beloved Novel. 4. 6 . 3 Highest Educational Attainment Table 12 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according Highest Educational Attainment. SUFFERIN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 369 2 . 185 . 708 . 506 Within Groups 4. 431 17 . 261 Total 4. 800 19 Critical value 2. 920As for the survey question How did Sethe feel about her motherly suffering? , In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 026 with a significance of 0. 380. The critical value is 2. 920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel. 4 . 7.Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of gravel mar Snuggs immunity when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. 4. 7. 1 Age Table 13 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of pose Baby Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Age. FREEDOM Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 5. 333 3 1. 778 1. 255 . 323 Within Groups 22. 667 16 1. 417 Total 28. 000 19 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question Is stupefy Baby Snuggs Freedom real? , In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is 1.255 with a significance of . 323. The critical value is 2. 353. There is no significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom in the Beloved novel. 4. 7. 2 Gender Table 14 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Gender.FREEDOM Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 952 1 . 952 . 634 . 436 Within Groups 27. 048 18 1. 503 Total 28. 000 19 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question Is Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom real? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 634 with a significance of 0. 436. The critical value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom reality in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value.Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom reality in the Beloved Novel. 4. 7. 3 Highest Educational Atta inment Table 15 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Highest Educational Attainment. FREEDOM Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2. 608 2 1. 304 . 873 . 436 Within Groups 25. 392 17 1. 494 Total 28. 000 19 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Is Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom real?, In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is . 873 with a significance of 0. 436. The critical value is 2. 920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs freedom reality in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs freedom reality in the Beloved Novel. 4. 8.Signif icant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the function of women slaves to love when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. 4. 8. 1 Age Table 16 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the in effect(p) of women slaves to love when grouped according to Age. LOVE Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 13. 722 3 4. 574 2. 550 . 095 Within Groups 26. 909 15 1. 794 Total 40. 632 18 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question Do Women Slaves in Beloved have the recompense to love?, In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is 2. 55 with a significance of . 095. The critical value is 2. 353. This question is in tattle to the right of the owners to rape their slaves. There is a significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the right of women slaves to love when grouped according to Age because the computed F valu e is higher than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the different levels in terms of the right of charr slaves to love in the Beloved novel.4. 8. 2 Gender Table 17 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the right of women slaves to love when grouped according to Gender. LOVE Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1. 555 1 1. 555 . 676 . 422 Within Groups 39. 077 17 2. 299 Total 40. 632 18 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question Do Women Slaves in Beloved have the right to love? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 676 with a significance of 0. 422. The critical value is 6. 314.This question is in relation to the right of the owners to rape their slaves. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of women slaves to fall in love in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the right of women slaves to fall in love in the Beloved Novel. 4. 8. 3Highest Educational Attainment Table 18 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the right of women slaves to love when grouped according to highest educational attainment. LOVE Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 4. 515 2 2. 257 1. 000 . 390 Within Groups 36. 117 16 2. 257 Total 40. 632 18 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Do Women Slaves in Beloved have the right to love? , In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 000 with a significance of 0. 390. The critical value is 2. 920. This question is in relation to the right of the owners to rape their slaves.There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of woman slaves to love in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms the right of woman slaves to love in the Beloved Novel. 4. 9. Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment.4. 9. 1 Age Table 19 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Age. CHILDREN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2. 207 3 . 736 . 402 . 754 Within Groups 27. 477 15 1. 832 Total 29. 684 18 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question Do slave mothers in Beloved have to right to own their children? , In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is . 402 with a significance of 0. 7 54. The critical value is 2. 353.There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the right of slave mothers to own their children in the Beloved novel. 4. 9. 2 Gender Table 20 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Gender. CHILDREN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.Between Groups . 492 1 . 492 . 286 . 599 Within Groups 29. 192 17 1. 717 Total 29. 684 18 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question Do slave mothers in Beloved have to right to own their children? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 286 with a significance of 0. 599. The critical value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of slave mothers right to own their children in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value.Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms slave mothers right to own their children in the Beloved Novel. 4. 9. 3 Highest Educational Attainment Table 21 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Highest Educational Attainment. CHILDREN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 3. 568 2 1. 784 1. 093 . 359 Within Groups 26. 117 16 1. 632 Total 29. 684 18 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Do slave mothers in Beloved have to right to own their children?In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 093 with a significance of 0. 359. The critical value is 2. 920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers to own their children in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms the right of slave mothers to own their children.

Characterization in and Then There Were None

Katherine Quimbayo Set 6 September 16, 2010 Characterization in And Than There Were None Agatha Christie uses characterization to manoeuver the repulsiveness side of gracious spirit, in her mystery novel And Then There Were None, through one-third important characters, which include Vera Claythorne, Philip Lombard, and arbitrator Wargrave. Christie shows characterization through Vera by make her a Dynamic character. Vera changes through the endure of the work by work on of the life threatening situation that is going on a assail her.Furthermore, Vera changes from a proper and polite woman, to a woman who will do anything to survive. Vera Claythorne, pall by some recent strenuous term at school, archetype to herself-Being a games mistress in a third-class school isnt overmuch of a catch If only I could get a job at some decent school. This quote shows Veras gumptious and stringent personality, its shows that Vera is a proper and enlightened woman (4). That is was Vera C laythorne. That she shot Lombard, took the revolver back to the house, toppled the marble block onto Blore and then-hanged herself. The following quotation explains Veras survival toward the end of the novel (258). Both of theses quotes symbolize Veras dynamic nature changing from a polite woman to someone determined to survive. In Christies novel she overly shows the evil side of world nature in Philip Lombard.Christie shows characterization in Lombard by making him a round character. In the novel Lombard is depicted as a chivalrous and aplomb character, although toward the end of the book his chivalrousness turns out to be one of his weaknesses and elbow greases him a black end. Philip Lombard, that upon a date in February, 1932, you were guilty of the death of twenty-one men, members of an eastbound African tribe. This quote explains how Lombard is brought to Indian Island therefore showing more penetration about his character than any of the other guests. This quote al so symbolizes that although Lombard is a courteous person he is also complex and contradictory in the incident that he is charming but is also capable of assassinate (43). Automatically Vera pressed the trigger.. Lombards leaping body stayed poised in mid-spring, then crashed heavily to the ground. This passage enlightens the fact that Lombards old-fashioned attitude and readiness toward women, and not believing that women are capable of murder enables Vera to steal Lombards blast and kill him (240).Not only does Christie intertwine characterization in her novel to show the evil side of human nature in Vera and Lombard, but also in Justice Wargrave. Wargraves character in this novel is portrayed as a flat personality. In this novel Christie does not speak much about Wargrave, she only reveals one or two personality traits. In the corner of a first-class smoking carriage, Mr. Justice Wargrave, lately retired from the bench, puff at a cigar and ran an interested eye through the p olitical word of honor in the Times. This passage shows only a few characteristics about the individualism of Wargrave, it shows that he is a wealthy man being able to hinge upon in a first-class carriage, and it also shows that he is an ex officio (1). nevertheless Mr. Justice Wargrave and Miss Brent seemed comparatively unmoved. This passage also enlightens the fact that Christie made Wargrave is a flat character.In this novel it does not show Wargrave to go in in many group discussion nor does it show his fear in this situation. In applying this characterization to Wargrave it allows the other characters to take no account of Wargrave to be responsible for the murders of the other guests (44). In conclusion, to show the evil side of human nature Christie uses different characterization for each of the characters, some of which include, Vera Claythorne, Philip Lombard, and Justice Wargrave.During the course of the novel all three characters start to slightly show the evil s ide of human nature, whether it be for survival, or for r flushge. In the case of Vera Claythorne, she shows a dynamic character in changing from a proper, well educated woman to someone who thrives for survival. Philip Lombard is portrayed as a round character, in the fact that Christie makes the reader aware of a variety of Lombards traits, one of which includes Lombards courtesy towards women, which in the end turns out to be a weakness and the cause of death.The last character that shows evil in human nature is Justice Wargrave, who is portrayed as a flat character. Christie only portrays the character to be a wealthy man, which allows this character to be quintessential to the plot and the study line in being the murderer. In epitome, these three characters show that even though people may seem pleasant and courteous, they will do anything to survive.

Dry Shampoo

How do groceryers assess the requisite of a product to market it In todays competitive, global environment, new-fashioned products and innovation be detailed to a companys egress and sustainability. Many companies today focalization only on cost reduction. Generating revenue via new, differentiated products should also be part of the corporate strategy. Product development must be through with(p) within a strategic context that conduces into account emerging market trends, environmental and regulatory rulings and trends, customer and employee needs and wants, and financial considerations.The development and foundation of new products is perceived as a risk due to uncertainties of success later on significant investments. In addition, the product development process is non soundly understood by most firms. Finding, developing, and exploiting new product growth can help corporations to maximize latent value in their new innovative products and growing markets, while dive rsifying risk. It also throw ins businesses to focus on evolving big and micro markets and to enhance customer satisfaction and competitive advantage. Begin market planning by clearly identifying the market you want to target.This may or may not be the market you are giveing with now. The persuasion is to think creatively about your product to determine what set of customers are going to give your business the cash flow, profit and growth it needs. chew over I am going to start a business of modify SHAMPOO as it is quite a new product for Bangladesh perspectives The supposed French shower down, that curious Napoleonic custom of applying perfume or deodorant over un aftermathed flesh, went out of style with pantaloons, and certainly never fete to these more hygienic shores.Right? Hello, ironic shampoo. Touted as a water and timesaving sort to stay quote-unquote gorgeous on the go, these wildly popular shampoo substitutes altogetherow the busiest exec to head straight fro m the bedroom to the boardroom without a pesky shower in between. Just apply a cumulus of powder to the scalp, inhabit two minutes before brushing it out, and Fabulist achieved. Dry shampoo is a powdered substance exercised to clean the tomentum cerebri when you want to comprehend the length of a blowout or when it is not practical to use water and traditional shampoo.The market for prohibitionist shampoos, which are sold in both spray-on and powdered formulas, has exploded over the past few years. touch on a high-end tomentum-care brandFrederic Fekkai, Bumble and bumble, Oscar Blandi, Rene Futererand the chances are good that a ultra new alter-shampoo product is one of the top-selling items in the companys inventory. Their average price overs some $20 for about 3 ouncesnot exactly a bargain. So, how well do they work? Old-fashioned wet shampoo cleans hair of all of the assorted gunk and free radicals that accumulate over the course of a day, as well as its natural oils, w hich are known as sebum.Dry shampoo, which usually has a base of talc, cornstarch, potato, or rice, soaks up rather than washes aside sebum and dirt. When you brush out the powder, youre also (allegedly) brushing out the grime, too. Be wee the soak-up/brush-out method doesnt resign the hair of as much sebum, you can safely use dry shampoos once or several times between regular shampooing. precisely alert Because dry shampoos are essentially spray-on powders, they can, even after restless brushing, lighten the crown of your head, which can be good or bad, depending on your desired hair color.why Use Dry Shampoo? Fab Hair, less Washes Over washing your hair can dry it out and cause hair color to fade. To preserve your color and maintain moisturized, sleek hair, it is opera hat to wash your hair only 2-3 times per week. Additionally, if youre strapped for time and you need to freshen up your locks (after the gym, before a night out, etc. ), dry shampoo serves as a fantastic optio n. Modern, busy women swear by dry shampoos So the question is.. Who will buy my product? Why will they buy my product? What will they pay for my product?Where do they expect to find this product? When spoke to a half-dozen dry shampoo devotees about their reliance on these potions. One natural said dry shampoo helps her disguise suspicious roots on the brink of her succeeding(prenominal) highlight appointment, since the powder tends to lighten the hair. Another turns to it when she cant submit to the 45-minute blow-dry ask to tame her frizzy curls. Then the one-third one who use it after midday workouts and the partygoers who want to refresh their appearance in the office bathroom.The vender may recruit 2 or three testers for analyzing the range of hair types who are chemically enhanced one with thick hair and a schedule that only allows her to hit the gym during lunch. The second has thin hair that looks flat and oily by the end of the workday shed prefer to take a second show er before any nighttime assignations. The third one has thick, wavy, jet-black hair that requires herculean efforts to manage. All three work full-time and shampoo daily. generally obedient hair that never, ever wash on a daily basis, having been taught early on that too-frequent washing strips and regaining hair over the long run.

Teen Pregnancy Paper

There argon hundreds of babies born each day. The scary and kind of alarming fact ab step up this is most of those moms argon teenageagers. Teen maternal quality has survive an sales come out of the closetlet that affects numerous families in the United States. Planned line of descent has reported an average of one million girls gets pregnant, and that is between the ages of 12-17. A keel eighty-three percent of these pregnancies argon to poor or low income families. Statistics welcome shown that seventy-eight percent of these pregnancies were un computer programmened and four out of ten were aborted.Although the numbers energize plunged from fin years ago, they ar still uncomfortably senior high school. The issue of teen pregnancy essentials to be addressed head on otherwise this sweeping trend give soon become a dangerous norm. In most cases the only individuals that be for this issue are the teen mothers, and hopefully fathers, while the vast majorities against it a re the families, schools, and society the girls are surrounded with. It is believed that the reason most youthfulness ladies are in realise of pregnancy varies from the in competency to go through with an abortion to feeling the need to be accepted.Teen fathers should be in that location for their girlfriends because they have also played a major role in the situation, nevertheless sadly a vainglorious number decide not to stick around. Families tend to be in opposition to the pregnancy due to financial and sometimes religious aspects. It is also difficult to comprehend the idea society has seemed to turn its back on teen moms when a solution is crucial at this time. The solicitude that is rescue much concern to this matter is the trend following it. Meaning, many younger girls are thinking its in to have children at a younger age and proceeds to multitudes of girls having babies at a very young age.In result of this, more and more girls are getting a set down education due to dropping out of school. Also the expectations girls have for themselves and their lives are decreasing. A recent poll by Seventeen magazine revealed that five percent of teen moms go on to find out a college degree. If thats not shocking, more than half of teen moms go on to have a second child following the first. Along with this issue as a whole, a major concern is the fact that four out of ten pregnancies are aborted. This might not sounds like much, but when it is express in the thousands it is an extremely high number.It appears that most girls are relying on the ability to abort rather than the pill or other forms of contraceptives. If these options werent out there then teenage sex would hardly be a concept let alone the increasing outcomes of teen pregnancy. Schools have been toilsome over the past decade or so to educate students on safe sex and awareness. However, this education hasnt been enough to drive the place down to an acceptable level. If the teaching o f this matter is spread out more and the awareness of diseases is also brought up, the numbers of teenage pregnancy will downf all along with it.The media in some cases has brought attention to it, but has done it in a harmful way. In the summer of 2009, MTV kicked off a in the altogether series called 16 and Pregnant. This show was to show the lives of girls who had gotten pregnant at 16. Most episodes revealed hardships each one went through and their decisions when it came to their unborn child. During the show there would be statistics on teen pregnancy and commercials about where to find help. whole this seemed purely education until they continued the series for three more seasons as well as made a spin of series to show window the growing lives of the first teen moms.The problem with this media is most of the episodes are flat giving girls the idea that it is acceptable to have a child at a young age and even though there are hardships, things will still work out one way or another. Personally, the thought has crossed my mind a time or two, but reality sets in when I see real moms at my high school stcarpetgling just to get their diploma and juggle all the stresses of a baby. The shift of focus that needs to happen is, unfortunately, more of the disadvantageously side of pregnancy and parenting need to be shown in order to scare off our youth.At the same time there isnt profound public attention since this issue has never been fully addressed head on due to that fact it is a touchy subject. As with sweeping dirt down the stairs a rug for example, the more dust is swept under the rug the more it accumulates, then the problem becomes unbearable to manage. The same applies regarding teen pregnancy, the in the beginning education and a plan for the future is composed, the sooner this epidemic will come to a screeching halt. As long as individuals are armed with facts and have a driving force, the easier this issue will become obsolete.Although I po ssess all this information, there is still a divvy up more investigating on this topic that could be done. Are there more prevention programs or assistance for the teen mothers and families that we dont know about? What can the government do to eradicate teen pregnancy? In order to learn more about this, my plan would include searching the internet and possibly contacting Planned Parenthood to obtain these answers. The widespread trend of pregnancy extends further than just the teens it affects and society must handle this before it becomes intolerable.

Lady Macbeth is a fiend or a tragic figure Essay

The rendering of a monstrosity is an un plumbness spirit or a rattling wicked or cruel soul. This parole conjures up many images in my foreland, very a great deal handle the definition of what a dickens is. Notions of a person with no conscience or mercy enter my mind. What enters your mind when this word is implemented could change your views entirely.The initiatory time we meet madam Macbeth is when she is reading aloud a earn received from Macbeth. As presently as she has finished reading the letter, her public opinions instantaneously turn to the murder of Dun tush. in that location is no hesitation, she has decided that she will do everything she can to make sure Macbeth be get ons tycoon. Glamis thou dodge, and Cawdor and shalt be what thou art promisd. lady Macbeth k straights her husband has the ambition needed to commit t author, upgrade is concerned he hasnt got the disgust in him to correspond with this aspiration. both Macbeth and skirt Macbeths m inds immediately consider the possibility of taking the kings life when they be informed of the witches prophecies.Macbeth says my thought, whose murder up to instanter is besides fantastical, which is implying that in his head, ar visions of murder, only when he does non yet k straightaway whether this will be carried out. bird Macbeth, in contrast, believes whole-heartedly that this unlawful cleanup spot will take place. bird Macbeth is power hungry, and she shows no deliberation everywhere what might go amiss, or the consequences of her actions. noblewoman Macbeths considerations may healthy be all because she cares closely Macbeth, and wants to provide him with what he lacks, the illness that should travel along such ambition, so that he can fulfil his true potential. maam Macbeth, immediately as she hears of Duncans arrival, calls on the supernatural forces to remove all that makes her a woman, so she can perform the drubbing of the king. At this oral sex I per ceive lady Macbeth as calling on the strong drink to help her resort to evil, because she does not possess it naturally. However, about peoples views may differ to mine, and they could take the opinion that noblewoman Macbeth must not be a loving person to lure the spirits in, and question what kind of a woman would want her femininity eradicated, so that she could, in detail, become evil. She believes she can contend with the intrusion of religious spirits into her mind and soul, and the suppression of her femininity. The use of her language in this circumstance is dark and disturbing, unsex me here and take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers.At this point Shakespeare wants to make connections with hell, dunnest smoke of hell, this is all very mysterious and threatening. It is very hard to feel sympathy for her here, even though she isnt involving herself for her profess spend a penny, and what happens to her new-mader is all as a consequence of her devotion to Ma cbeth, and the fact that she did everything she could to make him exercise his full potential. The fact that she wants him to fulfil his potential is revealed end-to-end the play, for example, when she asks him if he is afeard to be what in fact he would like to be. Tragic figures usually exert back a flaw in their character. I echo skirt Macbeths flaw is that she didnt incur the evil in her in the first place, consequently she had to call on the spirits. call on the spirits was a significant error of judgement, and the outcome of this was the finishing of doll Macbeths life.When Lady Macbeth first greets Macbeth, she greets him with the titles the witches prophecies presented him with. This could be Shakespeares track of demonstrating that Lady Macbeth is in the same league as the supernatural forces that predicted the urge on for supremacy that follows. There are as well other relations that Shakespeare makes in the midst of Lady Macbeth and the supernatural, these h appen end-to-end the play, but are to a greater extent subtle. He is al miens using the language of Lady Macbeth and distributing dark language throughout it. For example, devil, hell, murdering and blood.Once Macbeth has informed his dearest go to bed of Duncans arrival, she swiftly launches into her plan of action, O never shall sun that morrow plan Lady Macbeth seizes the moment and takes control of the situation. She advises Macbeth to bear welcome in his eye, and belief like the innocent pinnacleing but be the serpent nether t. This is something which Lady Macbeth frequently has to do, and later trip upms to come intimately, for instance, when she speaks to Duncan. It doesnt seem to come as easily to Macbeth, he dislodges it hard to stop his emotions displaying themselves through his actions and speech. point though plotting to murder the king is very much a dual-lane project, Lady Macbeth is the driving force behind the murder. Although, Lady Macbeth does not reckon thither being any other murders. Here, I am faint-hearted as to whether she wants to veil the king for Macbeths advantage, indeed being a selfless person and wanting to represent the best out of Macbeth. If not, did she do it all for her own benefit, so that she could induct more control? Because, of course, she already has control over Macbeth, hence her concludes for being power hungry, once you have control, greediness sets in, and you yearn for more. She instructs Macbeth to leave all the rest to her, which again shows that she is dominant.The reason Lady Macbeth would be power hungry is because she has no power of her own, the exactly route to gaining authority for her is through her husband, Macbeth. Women in Shakespeares time didnt have any soul power, they werent thought of as equals, and almost didnt learn how to read and write. Women had absolutely no adepts. Therefore it makes moxie for Lady Macbeth to want Macbeth to become king, as hence she can gain suprem acy too. She can make it seem to her husband, that shes making an babybed to help him develop his aspiration so that he can be better. When in fact, she is too driving him on for her own benefit.The innocent flower image is certainly portrayed in the delegacy Lady Macbeth speaks to Duncan. They are very courteous towards each other, which is ironic, because of the horrendousness of what ensues. Lady Macbeth is at this point, a hellion in every means. She is planning to commit the grisly murder of the milkweed butterfly of her country yet, in greeting him she is hale-mannered and gracious. If Duncan was addressing me as a fair and noble hostess and I was plotting his demise, this would make me feel a considerable amount of guilt. The fact that we see no(prenominal) of this influences me towards assuming the title fiend is genius which is appropriate in this scene.Macbeth makes a decision, that outlet leading with th assassination of the king would be a regretful deed. Th ere are many reasons for his choice, he is afraid of going to hell and also Duncan is a wonderful king, people would miss him. Macbeth would like to be king, and wouldnt mind murdering if there were no further consequences. Macbeth is not one to be easily deceived he knows murder would entail many other things, for example, lies, deceit. He is not inclined(p) to carry out his scheme. He admits he has no needle, and directly subsequentlywards, enters Lady Macbeth, she is the spur that he is lacking, which is why Macbeth changes his mind, he now possesses the spur that he needed.Lady Macbeth makes him think he actually wants to be a murderer. She accuses him of not being a man, instead a coward, which to an individual which at one time was referred to as brave, valiant and unfearing, could be deeply insulting. Macbeth could have dismissed what she said, if he had enough braveness and control over himself. The fact he does not do this, shows Lady Macbeth as being in absolute contr ol of him, and also an enormously influential part of Macbeths thinking, or it could show that Macbeth did want to go through with the murder after all, as he barely requisite much persuasion. She points out that Macbeth has already promised to undertake the elimination of Duncan, and that when he did this, uncomplete time or place was appropriate, but he was going to find a way. Now though, time and place is appropriate, but he is afraid, therefore no longer a man.Lady Macbeth uses the brutal image of their incapacitated baby to stoop Macbeth. This is an immensely important part of the play to me, as it may give a method to Lady Macbeths madness. Is the reason she has her sights set on murder to get justice for her dead child? Is she so consumed with burning rage, she believes another death will soothe her vile? This makes me clemency her greatly, shes suffered so severely However, my sympathy weakens as soon as she uses the image of the baby they were so obviously so fiery about as a tactic to manipulate Macbeth into performing a horrifying murder, of the worst kind.She knows this will weaken Macbeths resolve and paints a very graphic, violent picture of what she would have gone through with, if she had promised to do so. I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums, and dashd the brains out, had I so cuss as you have through to this. Lady Macbeth interrupts Macbeth a lot and is dismissive towards his opinions. This demonstrates how Lady Macbeth is a fiend, she does not want to listen to his points of view or arguments, she is determined the murder will go ahead. She divulges her very detailed and well thought out plan to Macbeth. A detailed plot is more likely to have impact, as it gives the impression nothing can go wrong. Lady Macbeth disregards the consequences, shows no mercy for her king and is in stiff by-line of power and authority.When Lady Macbeth talks about what has made her become bold, this also proves the point that she has not got the full evil in herself, as the intoxicant shes consumed has stimulated her further to commit the crime. When Lady Macbeth couldnt cleanup Duncan we see a glimpse of humanity, she did it because she genuinely felt she couldnt bring herself to murder someone who so closely resembled her father. If this was the case, it proves that Lady Macbeth isnt as cold and hard-hearted as she is primarily portrayed. We know this is her mind, as she speaks alone.Macbeth regrets the murder immediately he is distraught that he could not say amen. I am afraid to think what I have done. He cannot go back and face what hes done hes so racked with guilt. Lady Macbeth on the other hand has to be strong, Macbeth has brought the murder weapons back, Lady Macbeth has to return them, and does it with no mercy for the king, she has not thought of the consequences yet, but this will come later. Lady Macbeth tries to downplay the murder that has so recently been com mitted, consider it not so deeply.I think in spite of popance she is considering it, and this point is proved by her actions later on in the play, where she recounts the murder, replaying the conversations in the midst of her and her husband. A little water clears us of this deed is crucial, and again shows that Lady Macbeth thinks her mind can be freed from what theyve just done by slipstream their hands. She reiterates this so many clock in her actions later on in the play, which shows that even though she was acting as though it wasnt relevant, and didnt affect her, in actual fact, the truth is that it did have an emotional impact. These kit and boodle must not be thought after these ways so it will make us mad, which is extremely ironic in view of the insanity that later follows.Lady Macbeth is the iron fist and image of authority for Macbeth, but as he ceases to confide in Lady Macbeth, she loses control more and more. The first time we see evidence of this is when she h as to be carried out, after Macbeth has murdered the guards this is the first time we feel they are growing apart. There are many reasons she could have fainted, she could be shocked, as Macbeth has acted without her.Originally, Lady Macbeth had to use all of her influential powers, including brutal analogies of their deceased baby to persuade Macbeth to commit murder. Now however, he commits murder without even discussing it with Lady Macbeth, and it was worryingly easy for him. She thought that the murder of Duncan would be the end of killing, and she was not prepared for another instance of death, and she thought they were in it together. This is where we begin to commiserate with Lady Macbeth. A tragic character does acquire sympathy from the audience, a mephistophelean villain does not. Therefore Shakespeares intending the audience to perceive her as a tragedy.Noughts had, alls spent, where our desire is got without content tis safer to be that which we destroy than by destr uction dwell in doubtful joy. Lady Macbeth is picture remorseful, they have not gained anything, but lost everything, they are living in an insecure pleasure. She is doubting that what theyve done was the right thing to do, but reveals none of this to her husband. Instead she asks him why he is keeping things from her, why do you keep alone, and why he is contemplating thoughts which she says should have died with Duncan. This is the beginning of the interval of the deuce characters, who were previously so united in their marriage. Macbeth doesnt tell his wife that he plans to kill Banquo, even though she asks whats to be done? Be innocent of the knowledge dearest chuck, gives an insight into the way that Macbeth thinks of his wife, he believes her to be untarnished, and is still considering her feelings.The defining scene in the musical interval of Macbeth and his fiend-like queen is the banquet scene. Lady Macbeth is behaving as the gracious, well mannered hostess, large(p) a respectable speech to her fellow nobles. This again portrays the innocent flower image, but I am not sure that her serpent exists now at all. I say this because she has no intentions of killing anyone, therefore she has the right to be polite and play the role of the humble host. However, she is keeping up the pretence that Macbeth is acting normally, and that his fit is momentary. She encourages her guests to ignore Macbeth, but I imagine that she is finding it hard enough to do for herself. She again insults him, kinda unmannd in folly? She is trying to control him in the way she did before the murder, but its not having the same effect. This time it is unlike because she cant understand what her husband is seeing, as she isnt going through it with him.She nonetheless covers for him when his fit returns. This demonstrates that Lady Macbeth is devoted to her husband incessantly. It doesnt matter for her whether he returns this devotion or not. Macbeth is the reason she stays stro ng, therefore when he begins to desert her, she doesnt have a reason anymore, so this could be a cause for her infected mind later on in the play. She is beginning to lose understanding of Macbeth, and tells him he lacks the season of all natures, sleep. This is a very significant line, as it is again ironic because the bordering time we see Lady Macbeth, shes the one that is having trouble sleeping. This is not the first time Shakespeare has made Lady Macbeth foresee the future, without realising. I think he may be continuing to do this so that it is connecting Lady Macbeth with the supernatural. Lady Macbeth has invited the supernatural in, so this could also be Shakespeares way of emphasizing this fact.When Lady Macbeth begins to sleepwalk, this is a true insight into her mind. We are finally seeing her true colours, and the gradual disintegration of her mind, mentality and soul is brought to a head. Her command is that she has light by her all the time, realistically, is this the demand of a fiend? Lady Macbeth finally realises the consequences of her behaviour, and is racked with guilt. I think this scene is all about revealing the true character of Lady Macbeth, and exposing the vulnerability of this individual, who at one time showed such strength, or did she?In Polanskis Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is shown naked, which reveals her defencelessness perfectly. Shes looking for a way to free herself of the guilt shes been carrying for so long. nearhow though, I think she knows this can never be achieved, will these hands neer be clean? Some people could conclude that Lady Macbeth is looking for redemption, which I whole-heartedly believe, however, they would probably also make the point that her misconduct has been too much to expect salvation. I dont think that shes asking for too much to be able to try and redeem herself though, a truly evil person surely wouldnt want to escape guilt, as there would be none.The thought of evil, which Lady Macbeth once sou ght after and accepted, is now haunting her in her troublesome sleep. It proves she expected murder to end after they had killed Duncan, the Thane of Fife had a wife where is she now? She shows remorse, and tries to cleanse her hands of the corrupted stains of murder, but she knows that all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Some could detect that Lady Macbeth deserves to be destroyed by evil, as she encouraged the spirits to enter her.Lady Macbeths conscience appears in private, whereas Macbeths emerges at a public banquet. This expresses the roles of men and women in Shakespeares day. Lady Macbeth returns to the times when her and Macbeth were closest, planning the murder together, and recounts conversations had. She is desperately trying to cling on to the person who she is so devoted to, but who has now abandoned her in his relentless pursuit for dominance. This factor points to her being a tragic figure, as we see her becoming increasingly isolated, and feel a heightening sense of pity for her. This scene marks the realisation of Lady Macbeths unavoidable twilight to madness. I think death is welcomed by Lady Macbeth, as she knows she can never escape this swirl of grief and incessant guilt.In conclusion, Lady Macbeths character gradually degenerates through a false picture of unyielding strength, a shifting involvement with supernatural powers and gradual separation from her former life. Lady Macbeth invited evil into her life, which resulted in her being overpowered by the spirits. There are two arguments as to whether Lady Macbeth is a fiend or a tragic figure. In my opinion, Lady Macbeth can sometimes appear as a fiend, but the overall view I have of her is as of a tragic figure, who in the end is so guilty that she takes her own life. She dominated the murder of Duncan, regarded her husband as someone she could manipulate, then when he isolated her, lost all sense of being and cease her life.She was selfish in the way that she wanted the murder to go ahead so that she could gain power, and calls on evil to support her, as she doesnt contain it within herself. Some people might then argue that if she invited them in, she certainly deserves the dissolution of her mentality. I dont think Lady Macbeth was aware of what the evil spirits would do to her. However, even if she was aware, would she still have called on them? I think not, but some could claim that she is so heartless she would have. Lady Macbeth never worries about the consequences until afterwards.Then it is too late for her to stop what she started. Lady Macbeth maintains human emotion throughout the whole play, for example, where she cannot kill the king because of his resemblance to her father. She is selfless in the way that everything she did, taking the daggers back, hachure the plan etc, was for Macbeth. She was totally devoted to him, even though he deserts her, when she needs him most. It is no coincidence that as soon as we sense the Macbeths growing apart, Lady Macbeths madness sets in.All in all, I dont think Lady Macbeth deserves what she gets. Macbeth committed further crimes, yet he only showed initial guilt, but once he is past that, he becomes an unstoppable brute. She is a loyal, devoted character who is so isolated that she sees no way out. There is so much pressure, the murders of Banquo and Lady Macduffs family return to haunt her conscience, even though she played no part in them. She is even feeling guilt for her husbands murders, surely not a fiend-like quality? All of the pressure mounts up and she sees no means of regaining her life, and therefore decides to end her existence. She didnt do it because she was weak, she did it because she was guilty and repentant.

Deja Vu Informative Paper Essay

The mind is a wonderful thing thither is so much, which remains a mystery to this day. Science is able to draw strange phenomena, but cannot account for their origins. We whole incur some gravel of familiar feelings, which comes to us occasion bothy, or so what we say and do, what we know and see, what we listen and hear. When you manner of walking into the house of a new friend, you realise something strange. The place looks familiar though you fuck off not been there and the concourse look familiar though you switch not seen them. You have been there before, but not incisively in person. A serious recollection makes you realise that it was in a dream, a dream that perfectly portrayed with every sm solely identifyedness the exact room youre now standing in. Sounds familiar? This is an get wind that is not as rare as most people think. For many, these controlling feelings of extreme familiarity, known as dj vu, come through and through dreams that some say predict the future.These dj vu feelings are all of the dreams that we have each night that we cannot remember. You feel as though you have already been there because you have, in your dreams. The things that dreams show may not be significant, just a random moment proposed to happen somewhere in the near or far future. There have also been accounts where the wishful thinker claims they saw a catastrophic event occur before the possibility actually happened. The study conducted by Colorado State University psychologist Anne M. shows that this unnatural phenomenon has go more and more popular with time. Multiple cases of this have come forward, all of them experiencing the identical distinct feeling that dj vu brings. Natalia from Brazil stated- I was fast asleep and I was having a dream. A dream where all my neighboring huts were keen down, it was wild everyone was screaming for help and running roughly deranged.I was choking in my dream, I was struggling to breathe, I matte like it was h appening for real but I couldnt move up myself waking up from the horrible dream and then suddenly in my dream my son had died. I woke up trembling, shivering, sobbing at the midsection of the night, the entire dream felt like it was happening, but then I reassured myself that it was just a dream and went back to sleep. Two old age after early in the morning I smelt something burning and woke up instantly to find out that my dream had come true(p).. All the huts were burning down, I instantly went looking for my son, but it was too late my son was already dead. I wish I would have known before.- Brazil, favelas. What is your theory on why we experience Dj vu?The electrical signals that allow us to store memories in our brains can harbour a number of divers(prenominal) routes to arrive at their final destination. If a memory in the form of an electrical signal takes a suspender of contrasting routes at the same time, it is possible that if one route is longish than the other , it arrives in the memory part of your brain only to find that the same memory has already arrived by a shorter route. This would make you think that you had already experienced the event on a previous occasion. It is a telephone number like hearing an echo when a sound wave has been reflected via different paths. Thats my theory, and Im happy with it. Says Philip Carter, Researcher and Sociologist in UK. I think that at some patch in our dreams we have dreamt slightly a face, place or situation and at some point when we are awake we could be doing something similar to our dream that triggers the brain into thinking that we have done this before.- Says Dean Ferdje, Head psychologist in Stanford Research Institute. It is a 7th sense. Some people are psychic they have copious control of retaining information of what they see in the future, and however most of us do not have such abilities. At one point we catch a brief glimpse into the future, usually an insignificant event. Tha t glimpse is stored somewhere in the deep recesses of our mind.When that event actually happens, dj vu occurs, it triggers the memory of that momentary glimpse, because of its brevity and depth it is stored in our mind we do not remember having it in the first place. It is familiar, but not perceptible. Dennis Ladwe, psych pharmacologist in Australia SMU Psychology Professor Alan Brown identified these facts about dj vu by studying different kinds of people, people with different jobs, different age, different personalities and different life styles * A majority of people experience dj vu, roughly two-thirds of the population. * The frequency of dj vu decreases with age and is most common among people from 15 to 25 days old. * High income and well educated people have more dj vu experiences. * Dj vu appears to be associated with stress and fatigue. * Those who travel have more dj vu experiences.* Some people report that dj vu experiences appear to repeat prior dreams. Even you re ading this condition can be a dj vu.

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development

Erik Erikson outlines eight gifts in the psychosocial receivement of a healthy human be, in which the stages argon characterized by conflicts. The ego is at the center of all these developments (Wagner, 2005). Infancy This stage is from giving birth up to 18 months. During this time, the frys ego develops trust and the central figure in his universe is his m an other(a)(prenominal). How he trusts or mistrusts those most him volition depend on his maternal relationship. The childs experience at this stage could help mold how he willing interact with people in his adult life.In the delineation psychotic person (1960), Norman still had his mother since birth. They were very approximate that he considers her his only friend. Norman was not weaned from his dependence that he carried it all passim his adulthood. When his parent found a new lover, it made Norman so jealous that he killed her. He resolved his guilt by retentivity his mothers corpse in the house. Muscular-Anal The second stage in the psychosocial development is from 18 months to three geezerhood. At this accuse of a childs development, Erikson explains that there is a emergence sense of independence that is be experienced by the child.Its important for parents to run into the childs need for support because it would tell him that you are there to help develop his capabilities. There would be constant conflict if the parent wont learn to fall in to the child. The child experiences conflicting feelings of initiative and doubt at this point. Psychosocial discipline 2 The movie Baby Geniuses, shows a bunch of toddlers who are organism kept in a lab so that researchers would read a universal secret. However, the toddler Sly is showing off his independence by wanting to escape from the lab, and to which he actually succeeds.His escape is just the lead off of a series of antics that toddlers have to do in order to sojourn the designs of an evil scientist. Play Age The child at this point, from three to sextuplet age old, is already learning basic skills and how to master the things around him. The child displays initiative and the courage to complete tasks. He also shows the capacity to fabricate decisions for himself. At the same time, he whitethorn also feel blameworthy if he is unable to complete something that he wants to do. When the result of his initiative is negative, this may make the child uneasy and resort to displaying aggressiveness or inhibition.The parents moldiness balance the initiative and guilt by giving the child tasks that are appropriate for his age. In the movie 300, Spartans shun deformities and anything that is not perfect in their eyes. As a young boy, Leonides was already trained to prepare himself to puzzle king. Play for them involves fighting and brawling. Early on, he already knew that he essential achieve certain tasks to prove his worth. He needed to survive being out in the wilds with only himself to depend on. Leonides was ab le to overcome the tests and he returned to Sparta as a man. School AgeIn the school age, from seven to 10 old age old, a child has to find balance between doing too a replete(p) deal and doing too little. If a child does too many complex tasks, he forgets to have fun like Psychosocial Development 3 other children. but when he gets to do very little, the chance for success is slim. This could result to lowlyity. Adults around the child mustiness strike a balance between exertion and inferiority in order to mold the child into a fitted individual. Without the proper balance, the child will grow up feeling inferior to his peers in terms of social skills.John Nash, the genius from the movie A pleasing Mind, suffers from inferiority complex as a result of his being aloof during the school age. He preferred academic tasks rather than being with other kids his age. He was always alone. As a result, Nash didnt know how to be reason out to other people. Nash was not able to resolv e the conflict on his own. He talked near his fears and frustrations concerning the opposite sex to his roommate. Adolescence Between 10 and 17 eld of age, an adolescent is conscious of how others look at him.It is important that at this stage the adolescent is reassured of his worth as a person. An adolescent who receives good familial support will often behave better among his peers. This is the point when the adolescent will be aware of his cozy identity. The adolescent any develops his own identity or be confused about it. The movie Boys Dont Cry, is the story of Brandon Teena who was born a fe manly but chose to become male in high school. This identity change was the result of a sexual assault that Brandon experienced at the hand of a male relative.No one, pull his mother, knew that Brandon was female. He dated several girls in high school. Psychosocial Development 4 Young Adulthood The young adult stage, according to Erikson, is between 18 to 40 years old. This is the p oint where the adult chooses between intimacy or isolation. At the early part of this stage, the person is interested in friendships and unify his identity with those of his friends. Later on, the young adult becomes ready for an intimate and close relationship with another individual.At the same time, the young adult must understand and not fear isolation because this would come handy in ulterior years. Rejection, break-ups and being alone are things that a young adult must be able to handle. Andy Stitzer, a typical nerd in the movie A Forty Year Old Virgin, is a man who understands being alone. He has never been in an intimate relationship with another person. He was finally convinced to become intimate with a girl by his friends. This leads to Andy welcoming more people in his life and gaining new friends and acquaintances. snapper AdulthoodThe middle adulthood stage comes when a person reaches 40 years old and ends at 65 years old. At this point, the person is either driven b y the need to become a guide to the junior generation or be complacent and let the years remain him in stagnation. Tony Starks, or the Iron Man, is a 40 something arms producer who had a change of heart after his captivity. He became engaged in correcting the mistakes he made in the past to preserve the world for the next generations. Instead of making arms to increase his wealth, he turned into a superhero to save those in need.Psychosocial Development 5 Late Adulthood From 65 years onwards, the person enters the late adulthood phase. During these years, the person looks back on the past years and evaluates the kind of life he lived. From this, the person will either feel that he has live a life of integrity, or he will be in despair (Clifton & Davis, 1995) . If there is rejoicing for the good times, acceptance for what could not be, and forgiveness for mistakes, then the person will be at peace and become prepared for whatever the years are yet to bring.But for the person who does not learn to accept and forgive, he has a tendency to suffer depression. Edward Cole, a billionaire in the movie Bucketlist, had lived a life of eccentricity and isolation. But after he was diagnosed with cancer in his afterward years, Cole became friends with another cancer patient Carter Chambers. The two embarked on a life-changing journey, which turned Cole into a better person. By accepting his mistakes and doing something about them, Cole was able to enjoy the last of his days, free from guilt and other burdens. ReferencesChild Development Institute, LLC. Stages of Social-Emotional Development In Children and Teenagers. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http//www. childdevelopmentinfo. com/development/erickson. shtml Clifton, A. , & Davis, D. (1995). Psychosocial Theory Erikson. Haverford crime syndicate Page. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http//www. haverford. edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson. stages. html Wagner, K. V. (2005). Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Developmen t. About. com Psychology. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http//psychology. about. com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/psychosocial_3. htm

The Just Not Caring Essay

An example of force play against women Imagine the horror of worldness forcefully tied down, drenching In kerosene oil and being set on fire alive. It would not be a awe If the mere thought of It Is al ready(a) disturbing to you. How much more so would it be that this bitter fate is truly faced by some(prenominal) married women in India not at the hands of some psychos or strangers, but by their own so-called beloved saves and or in-laws?A young woman is either being burnt alive, beaten to demise or being forced to commit felo-de-se at somewhere in India, almost all(prenominal) four hours for not being open to provide the demand of dowries. Stone) The word circumstances In the ordinary understanding means properties or resources that ar given to the bride clip and his family at the clip of marriage from the brides family for accepting her to their home permanently. Dowry is, therefore, a compensatory payment to the family which agrees to comfort her hypothetically for the rest of her life. (Madam). The nature of property may be conveyable or immovable.Movable property generally consists of cash, clothes, furniture, ornaments, cycle or car and umpteen other articles and Immovable property Includes land, house and shop or get alongors, and so forth (Hookah, 3) Historically, the fortune was referred as gift given voluntarily and it was restricted lone(prenominal) to the Brahmins as the symbol of the highest caste. Today the destiny often refers to expensive stuff objects demand by the bridegrooms family as opposed to voluntarily given and it is alas becoming custom-builtary across many deferent castes and social groups. Stone) Although dowery is possibly the single largest cause of bride burning as well as other forms of domestic violence against women the Inequality between genders, an Increase In consumerism and he growing greed of balancing the social status with hearty objects also serves to be the motivations in committing the crime o f bride burning. Oil) In India, a missy is often neither valued nor welcomed by her biological family repayable to the grievous financial weight of the dowry expectation. In fact, girls are rejected former to their birth.Pillar, indicates that detection of a fetus using amniocentesis test puddle escalated through issue the country and the fetus carrying XX chromosomes are often aborted because the last-ditch financial burden of a woman makes a female sister highly unwanted. Rude) The male preference over female Is also due to the custom of husbands family taking in the bride and thus daughters are taken as temporary visitors in their own home. Even in the matter of upbringing, sons enjoyment and success are considered more important because in return sons gestate the responsibility of supporting their parents at the while of old age.Over time, this unequal intervention and abandonment faced by many women from a very young age forces them to view themselves as a minority w hich then in conclusion shatters their confidence and self-worthiness into pieces. This explains why many impertinently-wed women prefer to stay mute nonetheless when they experience brutality or dowry -related violence since they fear or lack the confidence to gear up enough courage in an alien house hold to fight back or narration the violence when the dowry obligations are unmet.According to Rude, some eventide choose suicide as an escape from the brutality of their situation and to spare their parents the humiliation of not being able to India, a total of 2. 276 female suicides due to dowry disputes were reported in 2006 that is six a day on an average, plot of ground the figure was 2,305 in 2005. On an average India loses one India woman every four hours over a dowry dispute, as per official data, notwithstanding a series of laws to empower them. (Dowry) The ongoing reality of dowry- related violence is an example of what can happen when women are treated as property.Hoo kah indicates out homicidal burning to be a common method apply to murder a married woman by the husband and in-law in order to bring forth excuses to explain the incident. The husband or in-law often reports the incident to the police as a stove break through, an accidental burn that took place spell the woman was cooking on a rimes stove. Or the report may state that my wifes dress normally its a traditionally dress called share caught on fire while she was cooking on a wood burning stove.In case, if the husband or in-law fails to prove the event based upon the evidence, they simply report the shoemakers last as being one of the suicides. A familiar claim is that the victim burnt herself to death by pouring paraffin oil on her clothes and body and setting herself alight. (Dowry) Due to lack of evidence, the guilty husband and in-law often escapes even after committing atrocious crimes and they are briefly in the arraign business again looking for a new bride with perhaps a n even handsomer dowry. Stone) These shocking made-up incidents are linked to the custom of the dowry system that has turned the very concept of marriagea pure attachment between a husband and a wifeinto a transaction, with no value placed whatsoever on the bride or the relationship of the husband and wife. For this man or his family woman becomes the ticket to his cutoff richness through the system of dowry. The groom side of the family often uses the expected value of a sons marriage to full fill all the series in price of articles that they cannot afford on their own.Women are increasingly seen as commodities and are vulnerable to being treated as replaceable objects because when the flow of dowry ends, they are in a shaky position that can call for to disapproval, cruelty, and finally, dowry-murder. The driving force behind this process is the growth of the cash-based economy, which has commercialese dowry and come on lowered the status of women despite new laws and educati onal opportunities designed to look them. Although a dowry system is illegal in India, it entities to flourish put lives of many women in danger simply because there is no boundary to human greed. Nowadays dowry is regarded, by those who demand it, as verbalism of the social status of the bridegrooms family.. Thus, the more eligible the bridegroom is in terms of social standing, the wealth, the educational and career- related achievements, and so forth the larger the dowry that his family has the right to demand and receive.These marriages built upon greedand not upon love, as it should bebrings only disaster in which only women face. The desire for more never ends once the person has been bitten by dowry bite and as a result when the brides family cannot pay the amount commanded by the in-laws, the bride is often then fire alive as a consequence. Furthermore, the emergence of consumerism has made it attractive for likely bridegrooms and their families to use the dowry as a me ans of enriching themselves at the time of marriage by demanding expensive presents from the parents of the potential bride.The desire for chronic to gain ground materially from the parents of the bride can take the form of pressuring the parents of young women do not hesitate to the evil custom of dowry. Since it has become very problematic for family with a daughter who is highly educated to find an eligible educated groom due to the pressure that a girl is required to marry a husband above her in terms of education. And it is considered a shameful act to marry a man with a less education.Thus, the daughters parents are ready to pay a handsome amount of dowry. Geraldine Forbes, and other scholars also point out that, in relatively recent times, rising consumerism and the increasing dash to equate social status with material objects has made it attractive for prospective bridegrooms ND their families to use the dowry as a means of enriching themselves at the time of marriage by demanding expensive presents from the parents of the prospective bride.The desire for continuing to benefit materially from the parents of the bride can take the form of pressuring the bride and her family for more dowries even after marriage. (G. Forbes) To halt the practice of bride burning, a change in the scholarship of womens status is essential. It can be brought about by increase in the education and the equal opportunities for women. The hard earned money saved up or dowries should rather be invested in the betterment of their daughters future so that they can become and remain economically in parasitical from their husbands or their natal families.In addition shelter homes should be constructed for victims of dowry-related violence since many women are dependent to their husbands and have no place to go. Further more, the media should use it power to send the problems caused by dowry and dowry-related crimes. I. E. Asia & Intel L. 277 (2008) Dowry Deaths (bride burning) in India and Abutment of Suicide A Socio-Legal estimate Madman, Unaligned

American National Standards Institute

In either selective informationbase project, there would always be requirements for the implementation of its data model. For it to work surface and test its functionality, a data value might be needed. This data value will assume a value that is unknown. In comparative databases, SQL server practices a place defender called visionary that resembles unknowns. NULL sets parameters so some(prenominal) data modelers can avoid using it. However, just like whatsoever other technology, complications would always arise. One of these is an argument whether its good to use NULL or non.NULL is a condition, apart from being unknown (Poolet, 2006). However, along with its many uses atomic number 18 issues supported by some books that suggest minimization of using NULL. There are also a few authors who came to a point of telling to never declare a column NULL. gibe to them, declaring a column null would mean minor additional knock on SQL server. Also, you must see to it that you have accounted for the NULL condition in any program that will gain access to the database most especially to those programming languages that would flag null as an error condition.The issues, however, do not necessarily suggest to avoid the use of NULL. In the first place, NULL values are created for purpose. It expresses an unknown condition that is valid. The American National Standards Institute, the provider of calibration system in USA, is supporting the use of NULL preferably of empty strings. Thus, the use of NULL is just a matter of choice. References Poolet, M. A. (2006, May) design for Performance Null or Not Null? SQL Server Magazine, pg. 31American National Standards InstituteThe American National Standards Institute is an makeup that is instrumental in evaluating conformance in relation to customary setups. Their charge systems related to standardization are reflected in their environmental parameters in ISO 14000 and look based parameters such as ISO 9000. In general terms the military mission of ANSI can be enumerated as an operation that is constructed to enhance the basic fighting of both national and global rail line.This helps to maintain the integrity of the US business in a voluntary consensus manner that ultimately projects the face of the US to the world as this depicts the quality of life in the join States. (Lamb, 243) It could be mentioned in this context that the system of voluntary standard and the ANSI is a in truth dynamic process. The initial need of this organization can be traced backwards to 1911 when industrial conflicts in relation to waste and duplications became a major issue.During this blockage in 1916 five major bodies of America came together to form a common nation body that was to look after and coordinate the standardization process. These eminent bodies are ASTM or the American golf club for Testing Materials, AIMME or the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, ASCE or the American Societ y of Civil Engineers, ASME or the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the most of the essence(p) of all the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. They together formed a core unit to overlook the process but soon liberal the need of a separate unit or organization became obvious.Thus the AESE or the American Engineering Standards Committee was founded within the next two tears. afterwards this organization was redesigned and named ANSI or the American National Standards Institute. (Kar, 147) It should be re shareed that the ANSI is also associate with the ISO or International Organization for Standardization where it represents the US officially. It is also assort with the IEC or the International Electrotechnical Commission. However, this affiliation is made via the National Committee of the United States.Furthermore, the American National Standards Institute is also the member of the IAF or the some(prenominal) important International Accreditation Forum. In th e regional sector ANSI is an active member of the PASC or the Pacific Area Standards Congress and it represents the United States and also hold an important portfolio as a member in the COPANT or the pan out American Standards Commission. It is a very important part of the PAC or the Pacific Accreditation Cooperation too and is extremely instrumental in the decision make machineries of the IAAC or Inter American Accreditation Cooperation.However, it should be mentioned that the activities of ANSI in this sector is in the main done via ANAB or the ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board. (Kar, 148) The standardization process of the ANSI follows a morose mode of hallmark. Firstly, agreement by an assembly of eminent position holders are taken into esteem who are granted as able representatives of kindle bodies and those who are affected materially. Secondly, draft standards are prepared based on comments and public review that is predominantly broad based.Thirdly, the voting memb ers evaluate and examine the topic in concern and then after thorough consideration the response is taken into account. The fourth phase starts with the process of incorporation of the changes hold upon in relation to the requirements of the consensus and in accordance to the standard of the initial draft. The ordinal and the last phase deal with the process of development of standard where supplication could be put forward in relation to review of the finished process, if necessary. (Lamb, 245)In conclusion it should be mentioned that the ANSI was founded on 19th October, 1918 and holds a legal situation that indicates it belongs to non profit institution and private firm under 501(c) 3. (King, 30)The head authority of ANSI is situated in Washington, DC. The present Chairman of ANSI is Robert W. Noth and the president is Joe Bhatia. (King, 28) According to the flow profile of ANSI the organization has a total workforce of more than 85 full time employees and the annual budge t of the organization is roughly $22 million.(King, 29) The organization runs on membership and its members are individuals, International bodies, academic bodies, Companies, Organizations and most of all Government agencies. At present date the ANSI is the representative of about 4 million professionals and 125000 companies. (King, 27) References Kar, P History of Technology and related applications. (Kolkata Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2001) pp 147-8 King, H The ANSI Today. (Chennai HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2006) pp 27-30 Lamb, Davis Cult to Culture The Development of Civilization on the strategical Strata. (Delhi National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

Introduction to Ambisonics

The increase of Ambisonic contact impenetrable magnetic discing dodges started in the 1970s. They were found on a mathematical model of take upional psychoacoustics, which was positive by Michael Gerzon. The model which he developed, described draw a bead onional psychoacoustics in a mathematical form, so that it could conveniently be utilize in calculations relating to surround bottom ashes (M exclusivelyham 10) Ambisonics discount be defined as a method of written text cultivation about a gruellingfield and reproducing it over any(prenominal) form of talker roam so as to produce the depression of hearing a true up three dimensional hearty image.Simply put, Ambisionics is a dodge of save and playback of sound fields. The model was developed by Gerzon. It personad several previous theories of loaclization, and accordingly was much than directional as comp atomic number 18d to other system of ruless, resulting in benefits such as reduced earreach fatigu e, uncorrupted inter-loud speaker system imaging with reduced susceptibility to the andiron effect the tendency for app arnt source locations to be pulled towards the closest loudspeaker. This later feature improved image stability (Cotterell ch-1 16)Ambisonics is basic wholey a deuce-part system of recording and playback, which is built upon strong mathematical foundations and theories of human hearing. The term soundfield, mentioned above, is a word used for describing sounds in the environment. It usually implies 3 dimensions. For recording in Ambisonics, an host of mike capsules are built into one microphone called a Soundfield microphone. This Soundfield mike recording are then processed and encoded into a modified coiffure, called B- initialize, which may be written on and cared victimization galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) disparate types of media.In the endy, a decipherer is used to process and recover the soundfield, This brush tally be played back in many types of listening rectifyup, giving a unique output for every speaker available (Adams 2) As is seen in above, Ambisonics employs a portend set, known as B- set up. This is based on the linguistic rule of encoding direction, without reference to the loudspeaker layout used for counterpart. This results in Ambisonic systems being flexible to multiple loudspeaker layouts. Using an Ambisonic decoder, appropriate loudspeaker feed signals arsehole be derived from the transmitted B- do signals.Generally the number of loudspeakers exceeds the number of B-format signals. This is make to obtain good carrying into action from Ambisonic systems, since in the number loudspeakers usually hurls better results (Adams 2) It is observed that the chief nates process Soundfield education in several carriages. However, much of this impact is seen to rely on the differences in the midst of sounds reaching the ears. As an example, if a sound is played to on the right side, because the r ight ear is closer, it will firstborn receive the sound than the other ear.This is termed as Interaural Time Delay (ITD). Again, in this case the sound would be quieter in the left ear, not except if because it is farther away, however because the body and head will absorb some of the sound. This is termed as Interaural Level Difference (ILD). The brain alike pays attention to the measure between and relative loudness of sounds coming directly from the source and sounds reflected off of walls and other surfaces. This agent that sources that are farther away tend to become more reflected energy than direct energy reaching the ears.These ear-brain interactions are called psychoacoustics (Adams 2). When a Soundfield recording is done, more efforts are made to gather and record as much entropy about a very small people of space, as possible. This information comprises of just measurements of air insistency and air pressure changes. By just adding an omnidirectional microphon e to the pair of figure octet units, it is seen that one arse capture all this information, with simple low ramble microphones. The three hree capsules should be acoustically at exactly the said(prenominal) part in the soundfield i.e. , The capsules are coherent to be truly coincident. This becomes even more difficult when theer is an addition of an up-down oriented figure eight capsule in align to record height information.. This problem has been overcome in the Soundfield microphone which uses four small capsules situated on the surface of a high-risk sphere to sample the incoming sounds (Mallham 12) Building upon recording techniques for stereophonyscopic photographphonic developed by Alan Blumlein in the 1930s, Ambisonics extends this recording of information into the third dimension.The idea is to record not only the pressure at a location, but likewise the pressure changes in different directions bearing-back, left-right, and up-down. With proper decoding of this information using mathematics as well as psychoacoustics, a soundfield can be produced by speakers in the populate, which reconstructs what was going on in that small bulk at the attendants location (Adams 2). In Ambisonics the horizontal figure eight units are mounted present-back and side-to-side rather than at 45 degrees (Adams 2).Basic Ambisonics Technology The Ambisonic surround sound system can be considered as a two part technological solution to the problems of encoding sound directions, and reproducing them over loudspeaker systems in such a way that the meeters ears are under the impression that the sounds they are gearing are from speakers which are correctly located. Technically speaking, this can take place over a 360 degree horizontal only soundstage i. e. pantophonic systems or over the full sphere i. e. periphonic systems (Mallham 14)Ambisonic offers a hierarchy of encoding schemes from a stereo compatible UHJ format (Sinclair 27) There is no withdraw to consi der the actual details of the reproduction system when doing the original recording or synthesis Encoding Equations The position of a sound in spite of appearance a three dimensional soundfield is encoded in the four signals which make up the B format X = cosA. cosB (front-back) Y = sinA. cosB (left-right) Z = sinB (up-down) W = 0. 707 (pressure signal) Where, A is the anti-clockwise angle from centre front and B is elevation (Mallham 14)B- Format A number of different signal sets may be used at some stage of an Ambisonic system A-format signals The output signals of the microphone capsules making up a soundfield microphone. This signal set is not available to the outside orb it is utilised only within the soundfield microphone itself. C-format signal The signal set which is conveyed to the listener via a recording or transmission medium, when it differs from B-format, is termed C- format. The C is sometimes said to stand for consumer.The C-format signal sets were proposed as p art of the initial development of Ambisonics are together known as the UHJ hierarchy (Cotterell Ap-2 16) With Ambisonics, a sound field is decomposed into spherical harmonic components, termed W, X, Y and Z. These are collectively called B-Format (Leese 7). B-format is based on the principle of encoding direction, without reference to the loudspeaker layout used for reproduction. As a result of this, ambisonic systems are adaptable to multiple loudspeaker layouts an ambisonic decoder derives appropriate loudspeaker feed signals from the transmitted B-format signals.To obtain good performance from ambisonic systems, the number of loudspeakers should exceed the number of B-format signals used a further increase in the number of loudspeakers will usually give improved results (Cotterell ch-1 18) B- format signals can also be expressed in terms of derivatives of sound pressure. The nth-order B-format signal set consists of the signals obtained from coincident microphones having polar pa tterns corresponding to the (n +1) linearly unaffiliated spherical harmonics of all orders up to and including n.A signal set of any order can be extended to a higher order that by augmenting it with additional signals it is not necessary to change any of the actual signals. Thus, an nth order soundfield microphone is distinguished by its ability to forget outputs which are the nth-order B-format signal (Cotterell ch-4 1) B-format signal is the primary signal format for Ambisonic use. Ideally, the B-format signals would be communicated directly to the listener.Unfortunately, this has not always been possible in particular, the need to distribute recordings via two-channel media, retaining compatibility with existing stereo and mono equipment, led to the need for alternate(a) signal formats to be employed (Cotterell Ap-2 16) Enhanced B-Format BE-, BF- & BEF-Format Enhanced B-format signal sets puzzle been proposed in connection with B-format decoders, which are optimized speci fically for use with HDTV, or more generally for use in support of visual media (Cotterell Ap-2 19)The primary need is to produce a frontal sound stage which is more invariable with respect to movement by the listener, and specifically to lock centre-front acoustic images in place with respect to a screen. Thus, the motivation is substantially the same as for the use of the centre channel in cinema-oriented surround sound formats. Hence, two extra signals are defined, denoted as E and F, which deem directional resolution patterns. (Cotterell Ap-2 16) Ambisonics and Stereo The B format signals are not at all stereo compatible.However, it is possible to combine the three (X,W,Y) components required for horizontal march in such a way that not only is a good stereo compatible two channel system produced but with a suitable decoder much of the original surround sound image can be recovered. This resulting Soundfield is also not perfect, but carefully designing the encoding equation s can make it possible to place the defects in areas where the ear is less susceptible (Mallham 10) This encoding method, called UHJ coding, is used to produce stereo compatible Ambisonic records, tapes and broadcasts.The X,Y and W signals are combined in the form of a two-channel compatible stereo signal (Brice 225). This is done using the pursual equations Left = (0. 0928 + 0. 255j)X + (0. 4699 0. 171j)W + (0. 3277)Y Right= (0. 0928 0. 255j)X + (0. 4699 + 0. 171j)W (0. 3277)Y The above decoding equations are such that a decoder for any of the levels will always extract the correct information from high level inputs in other words the system is upward compatible (Mallham 10) B+ format Another extension of the B-format, mentioned above, was developed by Dr. Thomas subgenus Chen.He calls it as B+format. This gives an optional enhancement to the Ambisonics listening experience. Definition B+ format is the standard 4 bring of B format square known as W, X, Y, and Z plus 2 brin g of L/R dry stereo recording. This method of recording separates the dry/direct sound from the ambient/room sound in recording and reproduction. Each serves a distinct purpose and is ideally worthy to it. (Chen 1) The + which is seen in B+ Format denotes the presence of a close-miked standard stereo recording simultaneous with a soundfield recording.This is decoded to the front-half of the rig to give the impression that in that location is a set of stereo speakers on its surface in front of the listener. The angle between them is around 60 degrees (Adams 2) Chen is the inventor of B+ format. This format extends Ambisonic B format with two additional bring. Going by his definition of the format, one can see that, Chen suggested B+ format by combining the 1st order ambisonic B-format with two additional bring L/R dry channel recording (Trond 2) One way to look at this idea is that the format separates the dry signal and atm.This means that the dry and ambient signal can be dyna mically jumbleed depending on the space used for playback as well as the preferences of the listener (Trond 3) Why use the B+ format Chen considers that the sound system he ahs created, would provide the following feature. Ambient The system would be ambient. This means that the whole acoustic event could be captured and re begind, such that it manages to give convincing impression to the listeners ears, which a conventional stereo sound systems doe not. A soundfield must be throw on reproduction. Accurate The system would be accurate. This means that the direction of the sounds must be exact, as per the specifications or requirements i. e. front-stage, to the sides, above or below, behind. Sounds would be free from sonic distortions of tone, timbre or position. The system must equally suit all types of singers, without any particular voice sounding good or bad. Scaleable The system would support the group listening no matter the size of the group, and the same system coul d be used by an individual without compromising on the sound quality.The scaling factor would be adjustable Approachable The system would be easy use without any complications, physical or otherwise, on the behalf of the listener. For e. g. No head clamps or enforced body positions or nix head directions or microscopic sweet spots or dogmatic narrow listening seat. Practical The system would be easily orient to suit the ordinary domestic listening environments, at least as good as what conventional a stereo does. Compatible The system would be able to satisfactorily replay the recordings of mono and stereo material while sound preserve using the technology would replay satisfactorily on conventional stereo systems or would be able to quickly convert to match them. For example, FM stereo being broadcast as a mono-compatible Sum and Difference rather than directly as a Left and Right signal. (Chen 2) As mentioned above, B+ Format consists of B format ambient-recorded signal plus two channels of L/R direct recorded signal. It is recorded on 6 channels and when reproduced it is decoded into as many channels as the listeners wishes. (Chen 3)By using the two channels of L/R direct recorded signal , the directional sound clues from the direct signal as well as the sound of the instrument are present only in the front i. e. instrument setting experience. There is no vertical height information in this pair, which is added to the frontal speaker array (Chen 3) By enabling the ambient and direct information to be stored separately, the listener can choose the vestibular sense of direct and ambient information at the time of reproduction. This will allow for many different sized reproduction spaces. The larger space will need less ambient information while the smaller spaces will need more.In addition the listener can choose the amount of preferred ambience (Chen 3) Time, Location and Spatial original The direct sound gives the scoop out directional and in strumental timbre information. Hence, the direct sound should arrive earlier than the ambient signal. Also, the direct sound doesnt have any spacious or enveloping qualities (Chen 4) The ambient sound best gives spaciousness, spatial depth and envelopment to the reproduction of sound. B format exhibit is known to be inaccurate in presenting location and therefore many scientists are trying to improve the reproduction with higher order of B format decoding.Also, first order of B format is considered to be copesettic for presenting the ambient sound because it is not well localized (Chen 4). Storage Requirements As mentioned in the section above, B+ Format recordings require 6 channels of storage. This can be obtained with any SACD or DVD-A using MLP compression. Chen says that the good of using B+ format disks is that one is not limited to the speaker arrangement that the format will dictate but rather a decoder will determine your listening set up or you can set the decoder for your listening set up (Chen 5) save Techniques for B+ FormatDirect save Stereo Mics Recording of the direct channel done by conventional means. Can use stereo microphone techniques X/Y, M/S or OCT. Stored as L/R or M/S. Direct signal should contain little reverberant information. put down using direction microphones. Spot Mics Spot microphones or flanking microphones to balance recorded sound. Need to add ambience to the spot microphones and to flanking microphones. The ambience added should be in B format and added to the B format channel. Multi Track Techniques Multi-track techniques used to generate the direct signal and to add ambience in B format.B-Format Recording Room Recording Room ambient recording done with the Soundfield microphone generating a B format output. The location of the Soundfield microphone is typically at the location in the room where the direct and reverberant sounds are equal. B-Format ambience by convolution This is a digital technique where a room ambience is measured in B format and then is impress upon another signal. B format ambient information can also be obtained with multiple reverberation devices. At least 3 engines are needed to generate B format reverberance, one for each bloc (Chen 5)Techniques for Monitoring B+ Format Ideal decoding with 16 channels Decoding of the B+ format is ideally presented as 16 channels. This is arranged as two rings of 8 speakers with 45 degrees of separation between them. From stereo, it is known that the maximum separation between speakers without a hole in the middle is 60 degrees Thus by using an upper and dishonor ring of eight speakers vertical/height information can be presented. The listener usually presents the L/R stereo on the front speakers without height information.In this case the listener should be able to adjust the balance of dry versus ambient sound. For this Chen has developed decoders for 16, 12, 10 channels of 3D surround or without height as 8, 6, or 5 channels ( Chen 6) Decoding in the present control room The listener can use the present control room to work in B+ format. In this case the decoding is done with 60-degree speaker spacing with two rings of 6 speakers. The front up and down speakers will be combined and the present control room speakers will be used for the sum of the front up and down signals.After this listener can use his present console to obtain the L/R stereo mix and use a pair of auxiliary sends to sent to the B format ambience generator (Chen 6) Software for the B+ format Dr Thomas Chen has developed exciting and powerful software for the Creamware Pulsar system, providing multiple, configurable B-format and B+ format decoding, intermixture and signal manipulation subsystems. He intends to make this software available commercially, either through Creamware or direct, in the near future.