Examining The Importance Of System Investigation Information Technology Essay

Examining The Importance Of System investigating In engineeration Technology Essay fact-finding is an definitive activity in constitution investigation. In this stage, the cognitive process of the system is to be understood by the system psychoanalyst to design the proposed system. Various methods be utilise for this and these argon drive inn as fact-finding techniques. The analyst needs to beneficialy understand the modern system.The analyst needs information close the requirements and demands of the project undertaken and the techniques employed to gather this data argon known as fact-finding techniques.Tools, such as data and process models, document facts, and conclusions are drawn from facts. If facts are non realizeed, tools preservet be used effectively and efficiently.After hookup needed study of the system the analyst should record them in a befitting way which is known as fact-recoding methods.What are the facts to be collectedAny teaching System pree mpt be examined in terms of four structure blocks entropy The raw material used to create useable info. Processes The activities that carry out the mission. Interfaces How the system interacts with people. geography Where data is stored, processes interfaces happen.Fact-finding skills must be learned and practiced. Systems analysts need an organized method of collecting facts. They in particular need to gain a detective mentality to be able to discern relevant facts.When do perform fact-finding System Analysis Phase.? Study Phase.? Definition Phase.? Selection Phase. Design. Post Implementation Review.Fact-finding techniquesVarious kinds of techniques are used and the most popular among them are,1. interviews.2. On-Site expression.3. Investigation.4. Questionnaire.1. InterviewsInterview is a very important data gathering technique. psychoanalysts go off use interrogates to collect information approximately the current system form the potential substance abusers. Here th e analysts discover the areas of misunderstanding, unrealistic exception and descriptions of activities and problems along with resistance to the new proposed system.Goal of interview Find facts, verify facts, and clarify facts. Generate enthusiasm. Get end user convoluted. Identify requirements.Steps involved Set the stage for the interview. Establish rapport put the interviewee at ease. Phrase questions clearly and succinctly. Be a good listener avoid arguments. Evaluate the outcome of the interview.The interviews are of two types namely, coordinate InterviewStructured interviews are those where the interviewee is asked a standard set of questions in a particular order. All interviewees are asked the resembling set of questions.The questions are farther divided in two kinds of formats for conducting this type of interview. Open-response formate.g. Why are you dissatisfied with the current scheduling method? Closed-response formate.g.. Are you satisfied with the current scheduli ng methods?Do you think that the manual scheduling procedure be changed with some automated procedure?Un coordinate InterviewThe unstructured interviews are undertaken in a question-and-answer format. This is of a much much flexible nature than the structured interview and can be very rightly used to gather general information about the system.Here the serveents are free to answer in their own words. In this way their views are non restricted. So the interviewer gets a bigger area to further explore the issues pertaining to a problem.Advantages Can motivate the interviewee to respond freely. More feedback can be probed. Can adapt or reword questions for each individual. Extra information from body movement and facial expressions.Disadvantages Time consuming. Requires good communication skills. Requires good interviewing skills. May be unfunctional due to location constraints. The interviewee whitethorn not answer/give appointment.2. On-Site ObservationOn-site observations are o ne of the most effective tools with the analyst where the analyst personally goes to the site and discovers the functioning of the system. As an observer, the analyst can gain first hand knowledge of the activities, operations, processes of the system on-site, thus here the role of an analyst is of an information seeker.This information is very meaningful as it is unbiased and has been directly taken by the analyst. This movie too sheds some light on the actual happenings of the system as compared to what has already been documented, thus the analyst gets closer to the system. This technique is also succession-consuming and the analyst should not jump to conclusions or draw inferences from lower-ranking samples of observation rather the analyst should be more than patient in gathering the information. This method is hitherto less effective for learning about peoples perceptions, feelings and motivations.Mainly observation categorized into two,Formal observation Observation a person by him universe noticed.Informal observation Observing a person without him being noticed.Dos Obtain permission from appropriate supervisors or managers. Prepare special forms to record data. mark off who, what, where, why, when and how of the observation. Takes notes immediately or by and by the observation. Review the observation notes with appropriate individuals. Also observe during low, normal, and peak periods of operations. outwearts Dont interrupt the individuals work. Dont focus on trivial activities. Dont make assumptions.Advantages Observation of people at work provides first hand experience of the way that the current system operates. Data are collected in real conviction and can buzz off a high take of validity if care is taken in how the technique is used. Observation can be used to verify information from other sources or to look for exceptions to the standard procedure. Baseline data about the performance of the existing system and of users can be co llected.Disadvantages The act of observation alters the behavior. The act of made may not involve the difficulty and volume normally experienced during that time period. Some task may not always be performed in the manner in which they are observed. People may not let u see what you want to see.3. InvestigationThird fact finding technique is to well investigate the application and problems. The analyst has to read computer journals, reference books, internet white papers and case-studies for investigation. The Analyst can visit other companies or departments which have addressed similar problems.Advantages Can save time if solution already exists. Investigator can see how others have solved similar problems or met similar requirements. Keeps investigator up to date with current developments.Disadvantages Requires access to appropriate sources of information. May ultimately not answer in solving problem because problem is not documented elsewhere.4. QuestionnaireQuestionnaires are another way of information gathering where the potential users of the system are given questionnaires to be filled up and returned to the analyst.Questionnaires are useful when the analyst need to gather information from a large number of people. It is not possible to interview each individual. Also if the time is very short, in that case also questionnaires are useful. If the anonymity of the responder is guaranteed by the analyst then the respondent answers the questionnaires very honestly and life-sustainingly.Just like the interviews and on the aforesaid(prenominal) lines questionnaires are of two types.Open-Response Based QuestionnairesThe objective of open-response questionnaire is to gather information and data about the essential and critical design features of the system. The open-ended question requires no response direction or specific response.This form is also used to learn about the feelings, opinions, and experiences of the respondents. This information helps in t he making the system effective because the analyst can offer subsequent modifications as per the knowledge gained.e.g.What additional reports would you require from the System? Closed-Response Based QuestionnairesThe objective of closed-response questionnaire is to collect the factual information of the system. It gives an insight in how the people dealing with the system behave and how comfortable are they with it. In this case the respondents have to choose from a set of given responses. Thus the respondent can express their liking for the most favorable one from the possible alternatives.The closed questions can be of motley types and the most common ones are listed below.e.g.1. Yes/No QuestionDo you print reports from the existing System? (please go the appropriate answer)Yes No2. Multiple Choice QuestionsHow many new surgery appointments do you obtain in a year? (please tick one box only)3. Scaled QuestionsHow satisfied are you with the response time of the patients records update? (please circle one options)Advantages Can be answered quickly. An economical way of gathering data from a large number of people. If the questionnaire is well designed, then the results can be analysed easily, possibly by computer.Disadvantages Good questionnaires are difficult to construct. There is no automatic mechanism for follow up or probing more deeply, although it is possible to follow up with an interview by telephone or in person if necessary. postal questionnaires suffer from low response rates.ConclusionInterview is the most suitable fact-finding technique of gathering information for Victoria Hospital System. Because there are small numbers of people are work, hence result can be produced in a short period of time, easy to evaluate the result, more feedback can be a probed and new ides may arise.Fact-recording methods and standardsThe fact recording is a reverence for facts and wise to(p) how to look for them. You do not go into data collection with a predete rmined opinion of the design of the final procedure. You let the facts tell you what shape the procedure should take. But, you must be able to find facts and know how to record them. This is done by breaking down the procedure into steps and listing them in proper sequence, without leaving things out. The analyst keeps his or her attention on the subject being charted, follows its course, step by step, and is not distracted by other subjects that could easily lead off onto tangents. The analyst becomes immersed in the data collection, one combine at a time.Record what is actually happening, not what should happen or could happen. When later you have them neatly organized and present them for study the facts will assert their authority as they tell their story. computer software package StandardA Software Standard is a standard, common format of a document, file, or data transfer accepted and used by one or more software developers while working on one or more than one software pr ograms. Software standards enable interoperability between antithetic programs created by different developers.Software standards consist of certain terms, concepts, data formats, document styles and techniques agreed upon by software creators so that their software can understand the files and data created by a different software program. To be considered a standard, a certain protocol needs to accepted and incorporated by a convention of developers who contri exclusivelye to the definition and maintenance of the standard.Developers prefer using standards for software development because of the efficiencies it provides for code development and wider user acceptance and use of the resulting application.The followings are computer and paper based fact-recording methods and standard documentation techniques, which are being used in software development. Data escape diagrams Context diagrams Flow charts Decision tables storage-battery grid chartsData flow diagrams Graphically descr ibe the flow of data within an organisation Composed of four staple fibre elements represented by standard symbolsBasic data flow diagramContext diagrams Show major(ip) data flows into and out of a system Describe each subsystem as a process screening interrelationship of those subsystems and their relationship to main system Depict logical flow of data in drumhead form The starting point for studying any system Depict the system at its highest level Referred to as level zero data flow diagramsFlow charts Document physical flows determined after logical data flows have been documented using data flow diagramsFlow chart symbolsAdvantages and disadvantages of flow chartsAdvantages Enable any system to be represented in easily understandable manner boilers suit picture of system easily seen Highlight relationship among different parts of the systemDisadvantages Creation can be time-consuming Numerous symbols can be confusing Process may not be completely representable using symbols There are iii types of flow chart, namely1. System flow charts Show the relationship between input, processing and output including data, documents and storage Represent the relationship between diverse processes2. Document flow charts Emphasise the flow of documents between various people, groups and departments of an organisation.3. Program flow charts Show the elaborate steps of a computer program Show the logic and processing steps used to develop a computer programDecision tables List the ratiocination logic of a program flow chart in tabular form Constructed with two main columns and two rows? First row is further divided into a number of rows of conditions? Second row is further divided into a number of rows of actionsThe decision table tells us the following if stock is not available and floor stock is not being sell, collect 10% advance if stock is available but delivery is not within three days, collect 10% advance if stock is available and delivery within three days, c ollect full value of sale if stock is not available but floor stock is being sold within three days, collect full value of sale if stock is not available but floor stock is being sold after three days, collect 10% advanceGrid chartsA grid chart is a type of chart that shows the interaction of two data points at the grid intersection of their respective axes.